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Imperial frontiers are a fascinating stage for studying the interactions of people, institutions, and their environments. In one of the first books to explore the Inka frontier through archaeology, Sonia Alconini examines part of present-day Bolivia that was once a territory at the edge of the Inka empire. Along this frontier, one of the New World’s most powerful polities came into repeated conflict with tropical lowland groups that it could never subject to its rule. Using extensive field research, Alconini explores the multifaceted socioeconomic processes that transpired in the frontier region. Her unprecedented study shows how the Inka empire exercised control over vast expanses of land and peoples in a territory located hundreds of miles away from the capital city of Cusco, and how people on the frontier navigated the cultural and environmental divide that separated the Andes and the Amazon.

Learning from Demonstration (LfD) explores techniques for learning a task policy from examples provided by a human teacher. The field of LfD has grown into an extensive body of literature over the past 30 years, with a wide variety of approaches for encoding human demonstrations and modeling skills and tasks. Additionally, we have recently seen a focus on gathering data from non-expert human teachers (i.e., domain experts but not robotics experts). In this book, we provide an introduction to the field with a focus on the unique technical challenges associated with designing robots that learn from naive human teachers. We begin, in the introduction, with a unification of the various terminology seen in the literature as well as an outline of the design choices one has in designing an LfD system. Chapter 2 gives a brief survey of the psychology literature that provides insights from human social learning that are relevant to designing robotic social learners. Chapter 3 walks through an LfD interaction, surveying the design choices one makes and state of the art approaches in prior work. First, is the choice of input, how the human teacher interacts with the robot to provide demonstrations. Next, is the choice of modeling technique. Currently, there is a dichotomy in the field between approaches that model low-level motor skills and those that model high-level tasks composed of primitive actions. We devote a chapter to each of these. Chapter 7 is devoted to interactive and active learning approaches that allow the robot to refine an existing task model. And finally, Chapter 8 provides best practices for evaluation of LfD systems, with a focus on how to approach experiments with human subjects in this domain.

Through an international comparative research, this unique book examines ethnic residential segregation patterns in relation to the wider society and mechanisms of social division of space in Western European regions. Focuses on eight Southern European cities, develops new metaphors and furthers the theorisation/conceptualisation of segregation in Europe Re-centres the segregation debate on the causes of marginalisation and inequality, and the role of the state in these processes A pioneering analysis of which and how systemic mechanisms, contextual conditions, processes and changes drive patterns of ethnic segregation and forms of socio-ethnic differentiation Develops an innovative inter-disciplinary approach which explores ethnic patterns in relation to European welfare regimes, housing systems, immigration waves, and labour systems

This self-contained introduction to the distributed control of robotic networks offers a distinctive blend of computer science and control theory. The book presents a broad set of tools for understanding coordination algorithms, determining their correctness, and assessing their complexity; and it analyzes various cooperative strategies for tasks such as consensus, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, deployment, and boundary estimation. The unifying theme is a formal model for robotic networks that explicitly incorporates their communication, sensing, control, and processing capabilities--a model that in turn leads to a common formal language to describe and analyze coordination algorithms. Written for first- and second-year graduate students in control and robotics, the book will also be useful to researchers in control theory, robotics, distributed algorithms, and automata theory. The book provides explanations of the basic concepts and main results, as well as numerous examples and exercises. Self-contained exposition of graph-theoretic concepts, distributed algorithms, and complexity measures for processor networks with fixed interconnection topology and for robotic networks with position-dependent interconnection topology Detailed treatment of averaging and consensus algorithms interpreted as linear iterations on synchronous networks Introduction of geometric notions such as partitions, proximity graphs, and multicenter functions Detailed treatment of motion coordination algorithms for deployment, rendezvous, connectivity maintenance, and boundary estimation

O ensino-aprendizagem de Português Língua Não Materna (PLNM), em franca expansão (inter)nacionalmente, reivindica à Didática a missão que lhe é intrínseca de estudar problemáticas em contextos educativos específicos para – e com base na interação entre didatas e professores em exercício –, contribuir com um saber dinâmico, significativo e contextualizado. Reconhecendo a relevância que a disciplina em apreço assume na Formação Contínua (FC) de professores e havendo constatado quer a ausência de investigação científica filtrada pela academia baseada na atividade docente dos Leitores Camões, Instituto da Cooperação e da Língua, I.P. (Camões, I.P.) quer a carência de propostas de atualização científico-pedagógica destinada a estes profissionais, esta obra visa equacionar um contributo para estes hiatos recorrendo à edificação do Tríptico Didático (Didática Curricular, Didática Praxeológica e Didática Investigativa).

Esta obra colectiva es el resultado del esfuerzo de investigadoras(es) y profesoras(es) de diversas instituciones académicas, quienes buscan recontar y hacer visible el papel de las empresas en el marco de un conflicto armado de más de 50 años. Ahora bien: pese a centrase en el conflicto colombiano, algunas reflexiones de los autores permiten analizar experiencias de otros países en estos escenarios, como el caso sudafricano, lo cual enriquece la investigación sobre el casi invisible y poco discutido papel de la empresa en los conflictos armados. En este último aspecto, este libro destaca la importancia de la empresa como "gestor o constructor de paz" y analiza desde emprendimientos de economía solidaria por excombatientes hasta empresas trasnacionales que utilizan el mecanismo de obras por impuestos. Otro aspecto que destacar son los aportes acerca de la responsabilidad o criminalización del sector empresarial como terceros después de la firma del Acuerdo de Paz en el 2016 entre el Gobierno nacional y la guerrilla FARC-EP. Sin duda, todo un reto para la justicia ordinaria y para la Justicia Especial para la Paz que, por el momento, no resuelven uno de los dilemas de la implementación de los Acuerdos, o también conocido como el posconflicto: quién logrará que las empresas reparen a las víctimas, cuenten la verdad y, sobre todo, no repitan sus comportamientos del pasado. Aquí, el libro pretende resaltar que el conflicto interno y el posconflicto no solo se presentan con actores armados (estatales o no estatales), pues convergen distintos actores sociales que, voluntaria o involuntariamente, cambian sus camisetas de víctimas a victimarios, de cómplices a determinadores de la guerra. Precisamente, el reto de la investigación se encuentra en entender los diferentes roles de la empresa, desde proyectos productivos de excombatientes hasta los inversionistas extranjeros, en los escenarios de violencia armada, los cuales han generado, en ocasiones, efectos positivos, y desafortunadamente, en la mayoría de los casos, efectos negativos en las víctimas o comunidades de la guerra interna. En otras palabras, el desafío de entender cuándo las empresas participan como víctimas y sufren las consecuencias de la guerra en sus actividades u operacionales económicas; o cuándo se convierten en victimarios y son cómplices o determinadores de las violaciones de los derechos humanos o del derecho internacional humanitario constituyendo alianzas con los grupos armados ilegales, o simplemente se benefician de dichas violaciones para obtener ventajas en sus actividades; o cuándo las empresas son un "gestor de paz" al asistir a las comunidades y tomar acciones encaminadas a la prevención de la violencia o contribuyen a reparar las violaciones cometidas y proteger los derechos humanos de la población en los territorios de la guerra.

Esta obra aborda diferentes áreas tanto en lo prequirúrgico como en lo posquirúrgico; está orientada a médicos generalistas, psicólogos, nutricionistas, cirujanos y demás profesionales que, directa o indirectamente, están relacionados con esta compleja patología.

Este livro é fruto de estudos empíricos sobre desenho do trabalho realizados por pesquisadores de diversos programas de pós-graduação. Os capítulos abordam temas relevantes para quem atua com gestão de pessoas ou elaboração de políticas e práticas relativas a bem-estar, desempenho, teletrabalho, aprendizagem, carreira, inovação, engajamento, burnout e inclusão de pessoas com deficiência. Há também orientações para diagnóstico de desenho do trabalho e sobre o perfil de competências desses profissionais.