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Seismic damage to rock tunnels from recent earthquakes indicates an urgent need for seismic assessment and aseismic design of underground structures. This book offers a comprehensive account of seismic performance and the response of underground structures under earthquake loading, necessary for adequate assessment and design. The book presents research methods for the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of rock and for the seismic behavior of underground structures. It describes analytical solutions to investigate the seismic response of tunnels subjected to seismic waves, toward an improved quantitative understanding of the seismic deformation and failure mechanism in both longitudinal and transversal aspects. A performance-based restoration design criterion and aseismic design are also proposed for future tunnel planning. Includes a detailed case study for the seismic performance assessment of rock tunnels under earthquake loading Explores the relationship between seismic damage to underground structures and ground deformation Covers a range of issues from mechanisms, analysis, assessment and design of both new tunnels and restoration projects The book is ideal for earthquake engineers and researchers, and will also be of interest to contractors, clients, researchers, lecturers, and advanced students working on tunnel engineering.

The fluid flow in fracture porous media plays a significant role in the assessment of deep underground reservoirs, such as through CO2 sequestration, enhanced oil recovery, and geothermal energy development. Many methods have been employed-from laboratory experimentation to theoretical analysis and numerical simulations-and allowed for many useful conclusions. This Special Issue aims to report on the current advances related to this topic. This collection of 58 papers represents a wide variety of topics, including on granite permeability investigation, grouting, coal mining, roadway, and concrete, to name but a few. We sincerely hope that the papers published in this Special Issue will be an invaluable resource for our readers.

"This book offers a comprehensive account of seismic performance and the response of underground structures under earthquake loading, necessary for adequate assessment and design. The book presents research methods for the rate-dependent mechanical behavior of rock and for the seismic behavior of underground structures. It describes analytical solutions to investigate the seismic response of tunnels subjected to seismic waves, toward an improved quantitative understanding of the seismic deformation and failure mechanism in both longitudinal and transversal aspects. A performance-based restoration design criterion and aseismic design are also proposed for future tunnel planning. The book is ideal for earthquake engineers and researchers, and will also be of interest to contractors, clients, researchers, lecturers, and advanced students working on tunnel engineering"--

This book focuses on the movement of “financial resource-based” commodities, such as salt and tobacco, which were sold under the monopoly system. It analyzes the interactions between merchants, merchant associations, and state in the production, transportation, and marketing of tobacco and its products using this network in China in the 1930s and 1940s. Through the collection and compilation of information related to the shipment and marketing of salt and tobacco and the formation and maintenance of the commercial network driven by it, the authors analyze how merchant networks in the process of salt distribution in Guizhou province, southwest of China after the 1930s shaped the commercial networks and how this network was exploited by the movement of other important commodities such as tobacco. This book focuses on the initiative of merchants and entrepreneurs in regulated commodity chains and questions the dichotomous state-market perspective of socioeconomic analysis.

Selections from novels and short stories from the Han, Wei and Six Dynasties.

Selections from novels and short stories from the Tang Dynasty.