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The current exposure of human populations to toxic metals makes the prevention and control of such exposures crucial. Biomarkers are undoubtably recognized as vital tools to achieve these goals. This book is for researchers, toxicologists, physicians, pharmacologists and those working in governmental regulatory agencies and other public health fields. The first part of this book covers general aspects of biomarkers of toxic metals, while parts 2 and 3 cover biomarkers of xenobiotic metals and essential metals with potential for toxicity, respectively. In part 4, novel approaches to metal biomarkers are focused.

The current exposure of human populations to toxic metals makes the prevention and control of such exposures crucial. Biomarkers are undoubtably recognized as vital tools to achieve these goals. This book is for researchers, toxicologists, physicians, pharmacologists and those working in governmental regulatory agencies and other public health fields. The first part of this book covers general aspects of biomarkers of toxic metals, while parts 2 and 3 cover biomarkers of xenobiotic metals and essential metals with potential for toxicity, respectively. In part 4, novel approaches to metal biomarkers are focused.

"The first part of this book will cover general aspects of biomarkers of toxic metals, such as metal pollution and public health impacts, biomarkers' relevance, and contribution through environmental, occupational, and clinical fields to public health. Parts II and III will cover biomarkers of xenobiotic metals, and biomarkers of essential metals with potential for toxicity, respectively. Metal toxicokinetic, toxic effects and biomarkers of exposure, susceptibility and effect will be depicted. In part IV, novel approaches to metal toxicity and their biomarkers will be focused, in the perspectives of "real life" chronic exposure to metal mixtures and multi-biomarkers approaches"