Routage Réactif Sécurisé Dans Les Réseaux Ad Hoc
Ad hoc networking is a new wireless communication paradigm where routing and forwarding functions are assured by nodes so that such networks do not rely on infrastructure and can be deployed spontaneously. Ad hoc networks can be either deployed in a stand-alone fashion or attached to a network infrastructure to form hybrid mesh networks. Instances of the former category are Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) which are spontaneous and infrastructureless emerging networks supporting a new class of mobile applications. However, most of ad hoc networks innovative and promising characteristics raise new challenging issues which are critical regarding security risks. In this thesis, our concern is to design a global security architecture aiming at securing the main network operations that may exist in both pure ad hoc or hybrid WLAN mesh networks. Our main contributions concern of the Adaptive Secured Multipath for Ad hoc networks (ASMA) architecture, the Multipath Trust based Routing Protocol (MTRP) and the On-demand Multipath CERTification (OMCERT) protocol. ASMA supports many functionalities including multipath routing, trust management, key/certificate exchange and application adaptation. We propose a global architecture for both pure and hybrid ad hoc networks. From the analysis of strengths and weaknesses of secured routing protocols, we designed a new robust routing structure called Secured Multipath Graph (SMG). SMG structure is extracted from the mesh ad hoc network for each communication to be established between a source and a destination. Especially, SMG is a robust structure based on node-disjoint path routing scheme and dynamic trust management that can be adapted.