From Emancipation to Catastrophe
The first chapter discusses the "Jewish question" in Hungary and the rise of antisemitism in the 19th-early 20th centuries; the rest of the book deals with the period 1919-45. Hungary was the first European country after World War I to introduce antisemitic laws (in 1920). However, the Jews maintained their patriotism. Although he was an antisemite, Horthy was favorably inclined toward the assimilated and "useful" Budapest Jews. Discusses the anti-Jewish legislation in 1938-41, military labor service, and the deportations in 1944. Dwells on the behavior of Jewish leaders, particularly the Zsido Tanacs (Jewish Council) instituted in 1944. The leaders' failure to warn the Jews of the impending danger may be attributed to their inability to comprehend it, their belief that Hungarian Jews had a special status, or to other factors. Their strategy was based on maintaining good relations with the Horthy regime. Discusses activities of Zionist youth movements, which rescued thousands of Jews, and of Gyorgy Gergely, a member of the Council, who tried to improve the lot of the military labor servicemen. Examining the aborted "blood for trucks" agreement, contends that it failed because of the Allies' reluctance to receive a million Hungarian Jews.