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Diabetes Clinical Case Series – 2 is the second volume in a three-volume series on diabetes. The book provides a selection of cases reflecting the types of diabetes, related conditions and potential complications in different segments of the population. Divided into 20 chapters, the book features a range of topics, including stress-related diabetes, gestational diabetes, diabetes with renal problems, Cushing’s Syndrome and diabetes, Charcot Foot and Ankle, diabetic retinopathy, Werner Syndrome, and much more. Each chapter begins with a real-life case scenario, followed by guidance on its management, combining evidence-based medicine with the authors’ clinical experience, to provide an authoritative guide for endocrinologists. Key Points Second of three volumes in Diabetes Clinical Case Series 20 chapters featuring real cases and guidance on management diabetes in different segments of the population Authoritative guide combining evidence-based medicine and clinical experience Diabetes Clinical Case Series – 1 (9789352500321) published in 2016

Annotation This series provides diabetologists with the most recent developments in the diagnosis and treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. New drug classes are covered in depth and each article is followed by a comment from the editors highlighting the key features of the topic.

Background: Physical activity (PA) levels in women/ girls are low worldwide 1,2. The common barriers to PA among Indian women/ girls are lack of time, places to exercise and cultural inappropriateness 3,4. Thus, we aimed to develop a culturally appropriate dance intervention that is easy to learn, fun, requires less time and can be done even at home. THANDAV (Taking HIIT ANd Dance to Adolescents for Victory over NCDs) is a socially / culturally acceptable, innovative and novel intervention to improve and sustain physical activity in adolescent girls. Aims: The main aims of the current study are to examine whether the THANDAV protocol helps to achieve 80% of maximal Heart Rate (HR) (as a marker of fitness) and to estimate the energy cost of this activity.Method: The 10-min THANDAV routine was developed in association with a seasoned choreographer. A 2-min high intensity (80-100% of max heart rate (HR) achievement) portion followed by a 30-sec low intensity (40-60% max HR) and four such repetitions constituted a single 10-min routine. The THANDAV intervention was taught as part of a 2-day workshop to a group of 23 adolescent girls aged 10 u2013 17 years. After a period of three weeks all the participants were tested for HR (Heart Rate) and VO2 max (maximal oxygen consumption) and energy expenditure was calculated. Parameters like blood pressure (BP), height and weight were also recorded. The study was approved by the MDRF Institutional Ethics Committee. Consent and assent were obtained from the parents and children respectively. Results: The average age of the adolescent girls was 13.9u00b1 2.1 years, mean weight, BMI and BP were 49.4 u00b1 9.5 Kg, 19.8 u00b1 3.3 kg/m2 and 107/68 (u00b1 8/7) mm/HG respectively. All participants achieved 80% of their max HR during the first dance and managed to sustain this HR throughout the 10-min routine [Table 1]. Average energy cost of the activity (MET) was 6.3 [Table 1] making it a vigorous/high intensity activity5. On excluding participants who were underweight (n=6), the MET of this activity significantly increased to 7.4. No adverse events were reported.Discussions: The THANDAV dance intervention based on its MET values can be classified a vigorous/high intensity physical activity. This fun based and easy to learn form of PA can be a culturally appropriate and sustainable way to improve and maintain cardiopulmonary fitness in Asian Indian adolescent girls. References:t1. Ranjit M Anjana, Rajendra Pradeepa, Ashok K Das, Mohan Deepa, Anil Bhansali, Shashank R Joshi. Physical activity and inactivity patterns in India u2013 results from the ICMR-INDIAB study (Phase-1) [ICMR-INDIAB-5]. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2014; 11(1):26.2. Global Health Observatory (GHO) data. Prevalence of insufficient physical activity. Available through: https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/physical_activity_text/en/3. Mathews E, Lakshmi JK, Ravindran TK, Pratt M, Thankappan KR. Perceptions of barriers and facilitators in physical activity participation among women in Thiruvananthapuram City, India. Glob Health Promot. 2016;23(4):27u201336. doi:10.1177/17579759155738784. Anjana RM, Ranjani H, Unnikrishnan R, Weber MB, Mohan V, Venkat Narayan KM. Exercise patterns and behaviour in Asian Indians: Data from the baseline survey of the Diabetes Community Lifestyle Improvement Program (D-CLIP). Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice. 2015; 107(1):77-84.5. General physical activities defined by level of intensity - CDC. Available through: http://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/physical/pdf/PA_Intensity_table_2_1.pdf.