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In recent years, a conservative majority of the US Supreme Court, over vigorous dissent, has developed circumventions to the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment that allow state legislatures to use public tax dollars to aid private elementary and secondary education, with the vast majority of that funding reaching parochial schools and other religiously-affiliated education providers. In this book the authors clearly elucidate the complex and controversial policy, legal and constitutional issues involved in using tax expenditures - mechanisms such as exclusions, deductions and credits that economically function essentially as government subsidies - to finance private, religious schooling.

This well-timed 2004 Case Supplement complements and updates National Security Law, Third Edition, with the addition of major new cases from the 2003-2004 U.S. Supreme Court term. Significant cases and issues include: Hamdi v. Rumsfeld & Rumsfeld v. Padilla - the authority of the government to hold American citizens as enemy combatants (decision expected in June) Humanitarian Law Project v. Reno - First Amendment limits on regulation of contributions to terrorist organizations United States v. Alvarez-Machain - 1990 kidnapping by U.S. Agents in Mexico; this case reviews questions about the roles of Congress And The courts, and about the application of international law as it refers To The nation¿s security United States v. Moussaoui - aspects of the case of the ¿twentieth 9/11 hijacker - were addressed in a Fourth Circuit decision handed down in April 2004 and will be addressed in the new supplement Homeland Security Act - new documents regarding the act's organization and describing its work will be included 9/11 Independent Commission - critically important questions about executive privilege, sharing information between and within the intelligence and law enforcement communities, and reorganization of the intelligence community