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This report describes the differences and similarities between two approaches to health equity and inequalities. These approaches are individually oriented behaviour change and the social or wider determinants of health. The report is based on a review of reviews of the behavioural intervention and wider determinants literatures, and a narrative review of other relevant materials. The report makes the case for the scientific consilience between the differing approaches. This report is part of a suite of publications and tools designed to support Member States and public health practitioners to use behavioural science in their work.