The Lieder of Brahms
"In this unique book, a fascinating discussion of the many influences--artistic, musical, historical, and cultural--that shaped the development of the lieder as a musical form is combined with a critical study of Johannes Brahms's accomplishments in this idiom. Max Harrison counters the popular argument that the lied was the direct result of changes in late eighteenth-century literature by pointing to the vital sense of tradition that informed so much of nineteenth-century German music as a whole and Brahms's work in particular. The persistence of identifiable patterns in German music suggests as well that the lied was not solely an outgrowth of contemporary literary trends any more than it was spontaneously invented by Schubert. Although he emphasizes the continuity of German musical tradition and its relative isolation from contemporary musical developments in other countries, Professor Harrison also traces the interaction between literature and music of the time--the impact of Romanticism and the rejection of the industrialized society of the nineteenth century for idealize images of the Middle Ages to be found in so many of Brahms's lieder. This preoccupation with what was seen as a more beautiful and simpler past produced widespread interest in folk art. Although Brahms's lieder include some forty settings of what are often described as 'folk poems,' their status as folk art is questionable, and the author provides a detailed discussion of Brahms's ambiguous position with regard to authentic folk music. Professor Harrison's evocation of the artistic and intellectual climate of the age and the influences brought to bear on the music of Brahms is complemented by an analysis of the historical development of the lied and the unique formal characteristics that made it such an effective vehicle for the artistic needs and aspirations of the period. As the emphasis on the tension between the individual and society increased and the artist's desire for personal expression grew stronger, the Romantic concern with emotions was highly sympathetic to the lied, a form in which the listener's response is stimulated directly rather than through the dialectical subtleties of musical argument. Background material on the evolution of the lieder form and the literary and musical trends of the period introduces and supports the major part of the book--detailed musical analyses of the lieder of Brahms. The author discusses Brahms's use of form and structure; the role of language, changes made in the poems used, and why they are made; the subtle interaction between words and music; the over-all relationship among the many lieder composed by Brahms, and the evolution of his lieder over the years. Like the previously published books in this series, dealing with the lieder of Schumann and Strauss, The Lieder of Brahms introduces the reader to a largely unexplored area of musical expertise. Supplemented by copious music examples and a complete listing of Brahms's songs for one and two voices, this is the definitive work on the lieder of this great composer."--Dust jacket.