Forest Radioecology in Fukushima
Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Fact Sheet-15 Points to Understand the Radioactive Contamination of Forest in Fukushima -- Geography of Fukushima -- Overview of the Fukushima Accident -- Fukushima Forest -- Impact -- To the Future -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Radioactive Materials Released by the Fukushima Nuclear Accident -- 1.1 How Were the Radioactive Materials Dispersed from the Power Plant? -- 1.2 Characteristics of Forests in Fukushima -- 1.3 Forest Ecosystems Are Unique and Different from Cropland -- 1.4 Column: Looking Back on that Time (1) -- Chapter 2: Basic Knowledge to Understand Radioactive Contamination -- 2.1 Radiation, Radioactivity, and Radioactive Materials (Radionuclides) -- 2.2 External Exposure and Internal Exposure -- 2.3 Becquerel (Bq) and Sievert (Sv): Units for Radioactivity and Radiation Exposure Dose -- 2.4 Column: Looking Back on that Time (2) -- Chapter 3: Behavior of Radiocesium in the Forest -- 3.1 Overview of Behavior -- 3.2 Introduction: Two Types of Radiocesiums: Cesium-134 and Cesium-137 -- 3.3 Large Changes in the Distribution of Radiocesium in the Early Post-Accident Phase -- 3.3.1 Most of the Radiocesium that Fell on the Forest Was Initially Trapped onto the Leaves and Branches -- 3.3.2 Then Radiocesium Transferred to the Forest Floor Through Litterfall and Rain -- 3.3.3 Not Remain Long in the Soil Surface Organic Layer -- 3.4 Radiocesium in Soil -- 3.4.1 Most of the Radiocesium Remains in the Surface Layer of Mineral Soil -- 3.4.2 Why Does Radiocesium Remain in the Surface Layer? -- 3.4.3 Migration of Radiocesium by Soil Animals and Fungi -- 3.5 Transfer of Radiocesium into the Tree -- 3.5.1 Movement of Radiocesium in a Tree -- 3.5.2 Transfer Factor: Different Species Have Different Radiocesium Concentrations in Wood -- 3.6 Migration of Radiocesium out of the Forest -- 3.6.1 Radiocesium Rarely Leaves the Forest.