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Crop Adaptation and Improvement for Drought-Prone Environments
Crop Adaptation and Improvement for Drought-Prone Environments
This book focuses on three important elements in the development of cereal and legume crops in semi-arid West Africa. The first section examines socioeconomic factors that affect the food system for these crops and contains an overview of crop production and consumption in the region. It then proceeds to discuss important inputs that affect system productivity: preferences for new seed varieties, yield response to fertilizer, counterfeit herbicides, climate information and the way farmers develop expectations about the weather events shaping cropping outcomes. A final chapter is dedicated to understanding urban consumer preferences for processed food products derived from pearl millet. The second section addresses the state of the art in phenotyping and the modeling of crop adaptation to dryland farming systems. Chapters focus on the regional network for phenotyping, high throughput phenotyping in field situations and of root architectures and crop ideotypes. In addition, empirical evidence is presented on presented on root and soil interactions and the effectiveness of UAVs to assess sorghum physiology. The third section examines the genetic diversity and improvement of dryland crops. Chapters focus on biodiversity and agricultural system sustainability, orphan crops such as fonio and the utilization of regional germplasm collection in the improvement of cowpea, groundnut pearl millet and sorghum.
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Réponse humorale aux antigènes candidats vaccins à P. falciparum
Réponse humorale aux antigènes candidats vaccins à P. falciparum
L'objectif general de cette etude etait de mieux comprendre l'immunite naturellement acquise contre le paludisme et de contribuer au developpement de vaccins rationnels. Nous avons mesure le taux des anticorps antigenes candidats vaccins de P. falciparum chez 93 adultes Malinke, Peulh et Dogon. Nous avons trouve que le taux moyen d'anticorps en Unite Elisa etait de 3250,73 pour l'anti-EBA175, 482,88 pour l'anti-MSP1, 2036,89 pour l'anti-AMA1 et 1333,68 pour l'anti-MSP2. Le taux moyen des anticorps anti-AMA-1-3D7 et anti-MSP2-257 etait similaire chez les 3 groupes ethniques. Par contre, la mediane du taux des anticorps anti-MSP-1 etait statistiquement plus eleve chez les Malinke comparee aux Dogon (P= 0.0158). En evaluant l'impact des serums de ces adultes sur la croissance de P. falciparum in-vitro nous avons observe que les serums induisaient une inhibition de la croissance allant de -12% a 90% avec un taux moyen d'inhibition de 23,32%. Le taux des anticorps etait positivement correle a l'age et l'inhibition de la croissance etait significativement correlee avec le taux des 4 anticorps mesures dans les serums (P>0.001).
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Woroni du Bafing
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