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In the important field of international commodity trade, it is inevitable that some of the sales contracts and deliveries of goods lead to disputes over non-conformity of the goods. Fundamental Breach Considering Non-Conformity of the Goods analyzes existing case law and legal doctrine, as well as the legal and economic principles underlying these articles. In doing this, the author establishes tools which help classify the fundamentality of the seller's breach. This book will be indispensable for all those who have any dealings in the vital field of international purchase and distribution law.

Richterinnen und Richter konnen seit Dezember 1970 abweichende Meinungen zu Senatsentscheidungen des Bundesverfassungsgerichts abgeben. Nach einer sehr langen, bis in das Jahr 1877 zuruckreichenden, politischen und akademischen Diskussion um die Einfuhrung dieses Instruments, ist das Sondervotum nunmehr seit uber 50 Jahren etabliert. Matthias K. Klatt bietet eine empirische Analyse der Praxis des Gerichts an und bestimmt die Funktionen des Sondervotums.

The 'Precautionary Principle' has sparked the central controversy over European and U.S. risk regulation. The Reality of Precaution is the most comprehensive study to go beyond precaution as an abstract principle and test its reality in practice. This groundbreaking resource combines detailed case studies of a wide array of risks to health, safety, environment and security; a broad quantitative analysis; and cross-cutting chapters on politics, law, and perceptions. The authors rebut the rhetoric of conflicting European and American approaches to risk, and show that the reality has been the selective application of precaution to particular risks on both sides of the Atlantic, as well as a constructive exchange of policy ideas toward 'better regulation.' The book offers a new view of precaution, regulatory reform, comparative analysis, and transatlantic relations.

Award-winning author Philip K. Howard lays out the blueprint for a new American society. In this brief and powerful book, Philip K. Howard attacks the failed ideologies of both parties and proposes a radical simplification of government to re-empower Americans in their daily choices. Nothing will make sense until people are free to roll up their sleeves and make things work. The first steps are to abandon the philosophy of correctness and our devotion to mindless compliance. Americans are a practical people. They want government to be practical. Washington can’t do anything practically. Worse, its bureaucracy prevents Americans from doing what’s sensible. Conservative bluster won’t fix this problem. Liberal hand-wringing won’t work either. Frustrated voters reach for extremist leaders, but they too get bogged down in the bureaucracy that has accumulated over the past century. Howard shows how America can push the reset button and create simpler frameworks focused on public goals where officials—prepare for the shock—are actually accountable for getting the job done.

This book introduces legal aspects of business networks in logistics with the example of shippers’ co-operation in cargo bundling, which is the practice of manufacturing and distributing companies (shippers) consolidating cargo before the engagement of a carrier. Shippers agree to co-operate and to detect cargo matching opportunities before shipment. As a result, shippers can organize joint transportation, yielding significant efficiency gains in both logistics and sustainability terms. However, the current legal framework is not adapted to co-operation in cargo-bundling. This book not only clarifies the operation of laws (with the special focus on international uniform transport laws) but also provides legal solutions facilitating legal certainty in co-operation. It is the first comprehensive book on the legal aspects of shippers’ co-operation in logistics, particularly liability issues in multiparty contracts, network contracts, and long-term contracts in the international carriage of goods domain. It is also the first providing an interpretative framework for transport conventions considering new business models and new technologies. Proposals are made for solutions at regulatory levels but also for contracts, which are especially important because contractual solutions can facilitate shippers to enter co-operation and help transport orchestrators operating through online platforms to prepare standard terms and conditions. The comparative part of the text features three jurisdictions (Poland, Germany, and England), which offer readers an insight into how multiparty context in the carriage of goods operates at the crossroads of national laws and international transport conventions. This book is written for interested legal practitioners, policymakers, lobbying bodies, industry professionals (logistics, management of selling, and producing companies), and scholars. It will also broadly appeal to those dealing with sustainable logistics and concepts such as sharing economy in logistics.

International investment law today consists of a network of multifaceted, multilayered international treaties that, in one way or another, involve virtually every country of the world. The evolution of this network raises a host of issues regarding international investment law and policy, especially in the area of international investment disputes. The Yearbook on International Investment Law & Policy 2013-2014 monitors current developments in international investment law and policy, focusing on recent trends and issues in foreign direct investment (FDI). With contributions by leading experts in the field, this title provides timely, authoritative information on FDI that can be used by a wide audience, including practitioners, academics, researchers, and policy makers. The 2013-2014 Yearbook begins with trends in international investment and the activities of multinational enterprises, a review of trends and new approaches in international investment agreements for 2013-2014, and a review of international investment law and arbitration for 2013. This edition contains a sample of the research and ideas generated by the Investment Treaty Forum at the British Institute of International and Comparative Law--The Investment Treaty Forum brings together experts in international investment law to engage in high-level debate about salient topics in investment law. This edition covers many important topics, such as the principle of proportionality and the problem of indeterminacy in international investment treaties; proportionality, reasonableness and standards of review in investment treaty arbitration; and the role of investors' legitimate expectations in defense of investment treaty claims. The general articles included in this volume provide analysis of balancing investor protection and regulatory freedom in international investment law. The jurisprudential interaction between ICSID tribunals and the International Court of Justice are also discussed, along with inconsistencies in investor-state awards, the role of state interpretations; old and new ways for host states to defend against investment arbitrations, and approaches and analogies in the countermeasures defense in investor-state disputes. This volume explores the political economy of crises and the international law of necessity after the great recession. In addition to this are articles on minilateral treaty-making and bilateral investment treaties; investment promotion, agencies; the trend toward open contracting; and new regulations on foreign acquisitions of land in Brazil and Argentina. This volume concludes with the winning memorials from the 2013 FDI International Moot Competition.

Was ist die Rechtswissenschaft? 1st sie, soweit sie sieh weder als Ge schichts-, noch als Sozialwissenschaft, sondern als etwas anderes und eigenes, als "Jurisprudenz" versteht, iiberhaupt eine "Wissenschaft", d. h. eine auf die Gewinnung von Erkenntnissen gerichtete planvolle geistige Tatigkeit, oder nur ein geordnetes Wissen von dem, was in einer bestimmten Rechts gemeinschaft, hie et nunc, als "Rechtens" angesehen wird, oder vielleicht eine "technische Kunstlehre", eine Anweisung dazu, Rechtsfalle nach be stimmten Regeln, die als praktische Maximen oder Konventionalregeln zu kennzeichnen waren, in gleichmaBiger Weise zu entscheiden? 1st sie vielleicht dieses alles zugleich? Alle nur denkbaren Antworten sind auf diese Fragen gegeben worden. Zumal im 19. Jahrhundert hat man, unter dem Eindruck der Erfolge der Naturwissenschaft, haufig versueht, die Rechtswissenschaft dadurch in den Rang einer Wissenschaft zu "erheben", daB man eine der naturwissenschaftlichen ahnliche Methode fiir sie forderte. Das beginnende 20. Jahrhundert hat dann, vornehmlich gegeniiber einer rein naturwissen schaftlich verfahrenden Psychologie und Soziologie, die Selbstandigkeit der "Geisteswissenschaften" (oder "Kulturwissenschaften") und ihrer Methoden zu begriinden versucht. Eine zu ihrer Zeit sehr einfluBreiche, heute schon wieder fast vergessene philosophische Richtung, der Neukantianismus, der gerade in der Rechtsphilosophie einen starken Widerhall gefunden hat, lieB sich dies besonders angelegen sein. Seither rechnete man (in Deutschland) die Rechtswissenschaft meist zu den "Geisteswissenschaften", ohne damit immer eine klare Vorstellung von den methodischen Folgerungen zu verbinden.