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This work is a theoretical study of the effect of ambient vibrational nonequilibrium(vibrational or radiative) on the propagation of acoustic and gravity waves in a gas. In the propagation of such waves, nonequilibrium phenomena can manifest themselves in two distinct ways. This follows from the fact that nonequilibrium can exist in either(or both) the ambient and perturbed states of the gas. It is well known that perturbation nonequilibrium always contribute to damping of the waves. The lesser known effects of ambient nonequilibrium are examined here from the point of view of macroscopic gas dynamics. The physical insight obtained in a one-dimensional analysis is applied to the study of the probable effect of vibrational nonequilibrium(ambient and perturbation) on the propagation of acoustic-gravity waves in Earth's upper atmosphere.

Deforestation and forest degradation represent a significant fraction of the annual worldwide human-induced emission of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere, the main source of biodiversity losses and the destruction of millions of people's homes. Despite local/regional causes, its consequences are global. This book provides a general view about deforestation dynamics around the world, incorporating analyses of its causes, impacts and actions to prevent it. Its 17 Chapters, organized in three sections, refer to deforestation impacts on climate, soil, biodiversity and human population, but also describe several initiatives to prevent it. A special emphasis is given to different remote-sensing and mapping techniques that could be used as a source for decision-makers and society to promote forest conservation and control deforestation.

The cloud has become the backbone of modern enterprise innovation, enabling organizations to scale rapidly, adapt to market changes, and deliver seamless digital experiences. However, as businesses increasingly rely on cloud solutions, the challenges of scalability, security, and efficiency grow more complex. The need for robust cloud architectures that balance performance with risk mitigation has never been greater. Architecting Scalable and Secure Cloud Solutions: Advanced Techniques for Modern Enterprises is a comprehensive guide for navigating these challenges. This book empowers architects, engineers, and decision-makers to design cloud solutions that meet the demands of today’s competitive and security-conscious environment. In this book, you will: • Learn the principles of designing scalable architectures that adapt to dynamic workloads and global user bases. • Explore advanced security practices to protect data, applications, and infrastructure from evolving threats. • Gain insights into cloud-native technologies, including container orchestration, serverless computing, and microservices. • Understand the trade-offs between various cloud models (public, private, hybrid, and multi-cloud) and their implications for enterprise strategy. • Discover real-world case studies and best practices from industries that have successfully implemented secure and scalable cloud solutions. Whether you are building cloud systems for startups, enterprises, or critical industries, this book provides actionable techniques and strategic insights to create architectures that are both future- proof and resilient. As you embark on this journey, you’ll find the tools, patterns, and methodologies needed to optimize performance, ensure compliance, and unlock the full potential of cloud computing for your organization. Welcome to a deeper understanding of how modern enterprises can architect their path to scalable success and security in the cloud. Authors