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In this controversial and compassionate book, the distinguished psychiatrist James Gilligan proposes a radically new way of thinking about violence and how to prevent it. Violence is most often addressed in moral and legal terms: "How evil is this action, and how much punishment does it deserve?" Unfortunately, this way of thinking, the basis for our legal and political institutions, does nothing to shed light on the causes of violence. Violent criminals have been Gilligan's teachers, and he has been their student. Prisons are microcosms of the societies in which they exist, and by examining them in detail, we can learn about society as a whole. Gilligan suggests treating violence as a public health problem. He advocates initiating radical social and economic change to attack the root causes of violence, focusing on those at increased risk of becoming violent, and dealing with those who are already violent as if they were in quarantine rather than in constraint for their punishment and for society's revenge. The twentieth century was steeped in violence. If we attempt to understand the violence of individuals, we may come to prevent the collective violence that threatens our future far more than all the individual crimes put together.

Until the New Deal, most groups seeking protection from imports were successful in obtaining relief from Congress. In general the cost of paying the tariffs for consumers was less than the cost of mounting collective action to stop the tariffs. In 1934, with the passage of the Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act, all of this changed. The six decades that followed have produced a remarkable liberalization of trade policy in the United States. This occurred despite the fact that domestic politics, according to some of the best developed theories, should have prevented this liberalization. Michael Gilligan argues that liberalization has succeeded because it has been reciprocal with liberalization in other countries. Our trade barriers have been reduced as an explicit quid pro quo for reduction of trade barriers in other countries. Reciprocity, Gilligan argues, gives exporters the incentive to support free trade policies because it gives them a clear gain from free trade and thus enables the exporters to overcome collective action problems. The lobbying by exporters, balancing the interests of groups seeking protection, changes the preferences of political leaders in favor of more liberalization. Gilligan tests his theory in a detailed exploration of the history of American trade policy and in a quantitative analysis showing increases in the demand for liberalization as the result of reciprocity in trade legislation from 1890 to the present. This book should appeal to political scientists, economists, and those who want to understand the political underpinnings of American trade policy. Michael J. Gilligan is Assistant Professor of Politics, New York University.

Professional sport, emigration, travel, history, horses, American Pharoah's Triple Crown, winners, losers, ups and downs. Laughter and tears. An account of a father's whirlwind year around Kentucky with his apprentice (bug) jockey son. A story about fathers and sons. A story about professional sport, and what it takes to make the grade. A story about love, life, traveling and reflecting. And there is even a bit about restrooms. "So I tell Patrick he can't train and he goes and wins a group race with a £500 horse. Then I say he can't write and he comes up with a gem like this. Oh, and that bug can ride a bit too." --Ed Prosser, European representative Keeneland and formerly race writer and racehorse owner in the UK

The Saratoga races. Breeders Cup. The road to Louisville. Victories and defeats, gambles lost and landed. And something unexpected. A story about life and love and racehorses - and unexpected problems. Patrick Gilligan graduatedwith an honors degree in equine studies. After a decade as an exercise rider he went on to spend 16 years training racehorses in Newmarket in Suffolk, England. Now based in Lexington Kentucky, where his son Jack rides as a jockey.. He is still active within the Thoroughbred industry.

From the Woodlawn Vase to the Alabama Slamma! From Black Gold to the Dark Horse. From Old Abe to Steve Cauthen. A collection of horse racing stories for horse racing fans from centuries gone until today.