Search

Over the last quarter of this century, revolutionary advances have been made both in kind and in precision in the application of particle traps to the study of thephysics of charged particles, leading to intensi?ed interest in, and wide proliferation of, this topic. This book is intended as a timely addition to the literature, providing a systematic uni?ed treatment of the subject, from the point of view of the application of these devices to fundamental atomic and particle physics. Thetechniqueofusingelectromagnetic?eldstocon?neandisolateatomic particles in vacuo, rather than by material walls of a container, was initially conceivedbyW.Paulintheformofa3Dversionoftheoriginalrfquadrupole mass ?lter, for which he shared the 1989 Nobel Prize in physics [1], whereas H.G. Dehmelt who also shared the 1989 Nobel Prize [2] saw these devices (including the Penning trap) as a way of isolating electrons and ions, for the purposes of high resolution spectroscopy. These two broad areas of appli- tion have developed more or less independently, each attaining a remarkable degree of sophistication and generating widespread interest and experimental activity.

This second volume of the Charged Particle Traps deals with the rapidly expanding body of research exploiting the electromagnetic con?nement of ions, whose principles and techniques were the subject of volume I. These applications include revolutionary advances in diverse ?elds, ranging from such practical ?elds as mass spectrometry, to the establishment of an ult- stable standard of frequency and the emergent ?eld of quantum computing made possible by the observation of the quantum behavior of laser-cooled con?nedions. Bothexperimentalandtheoreticalactivity intheseapplications has proliferated widely, and the number of diverse articles in the literature on its many facets has reached the point where it is useful to distill and organize the published work in a uni?ed volume that de?nes the current status of the ?eld. As explained in volume I, the technique of con?ning charged particles in suitable electromagnetic ?elds was initially conceived by W. Paul as a thr- dimensional version of his rf quadrupole mass ?lter. Its ?rst application to rf spectroscopy on atomic ions was completed in H. G. Dehmelt’s laboratory where notable work was later done on the free electron using the Penning trap. The further exploitation of these devices has followed more or less - dependently along the two initial broad areas: mass spectrometry and high resolution spectroscopy. In volume I a detailed account is given of the theory of operation and experimental techniques of the various forms of Paul and Penning ion traps.

This book provides an introduction and guide to modern advances in charged particle (and antiparticle) confinement by electromagnetic fields. Confinement in different trap geometries, the influence of trap imperfections, classical and quantum mechanical description of the trapped particle motion, different methods of ion cooling to low temperatures, and non-neutral plasma properties (including Coulomb crystals) are the main subjects. They form the basis of such applications of charged particle traps as high-resolution optical and microwave spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, atomic clocks, and, potentially, quantum computing.

This edition retains the essentially didactic approach to the treatment of the development of atomic clocks in the first edition, but brings up to date the extraordinary developments in recent years, culminating in clocks based on quantum resonance at optical frequency in individual ions confined in miniature electromagnetic traps.

This work reviews the principles underlying quantum-based atomic clocks, with introductory chapters placing them in context with the development of mechanical clocks and electronic quartz-controlled clocks. The book details design principles of the rubidium, cesium, hydrogen maser, and mercury ion standards; changes enabled by the advent of the laser; and the time-based global navigation systems, Loran-C and the Global Positioning System. The new edition includes such recent developments as clocks based on quantum resonance at optical frequency in individual ions confined in miniature electromagnetic traps. The Quantum Beat explores the subject with a minimum of mathematical formalism.

TectoRNA, a groundbreaking book within the "DNA Nanotechnology" series, unveils the fascinating world of molecular engineering and selfassembling systems. This book delves into the revolutionary potential of nucleic acids and their applications in the creation of nanostructures with unprecedented precision. Whether you're a professional, an undergraduate or graduate student, or simply an enthusiast, this book serves as an essential resource that bridges theoretical principles and cuttingedge applications. The cost of this book is far outweighed by the immense value it offers to anyone interested in DNA nanotechnology. Chapters Brief Overview: 1: TectoRNA: An introduction to the role of TectoRNA in building complex nanostructures, advancing DNAbased technology. 2: Nanoring: Focuses on the design and function of DNAbased nanorings, and their importance in molecular engineering. 3: Selfassembly of nanoparticles: Explores how nanoparticles selforganize, facilitating breakthroughs in nanotechnology. 4: Molecular assembler: Discusses the principles and applications of molecular assemblers in nanotechnology. 5: Coiled coil: Examines the role of coiled coils in stabilizing structures at the molecular level. 6: DNA origami: Delves into the techniques used to fold DNA into complex shapes and structures for various applications. 7: Nanoruler: Describes how DNA nanotechnology can be applied in precise measurement and regulation at the nanoscale. 8: DNA nanotechnology: A comprehensive look at the foundational principles and modern advancements in DNA nanotechnology. 9: M13 bacteriophage: Investigates the unique properties of M13 bacteriophages in the context of nanotechnology. 10: Spherical nucleic acid: Explains the novel concept of spherical nucleic acids and their potential applications in molecular design. 11: Macromolecular cages: Details how DNA can be utilized to create cages for encapsulating molecules and drug delivery. 12: Nucleic acid design: Focuses on the creation and optimization of nucleic acid structures for various scientific purposes. 13: Nucleic acid tertiary structure: Discusses the complex threedimensional structures formed by nucleic acids. 14: RNA origami: Expands on the principles of RNA origami, showcasing how RNA can be folded into complex shapes. 15: Selfassembling peptide: Describes how peptides selfassemble into functional nanostructures, playing a role in biomedicine. 16: Nucleic acid secondary structure: Explores the significance of secondary structures in nucleic acids and their biological functions. 17: Nadrian Seeman: Honors the contributions of Nadrian Seeman to the field of DNA nanotechnology and its evolution. 18: Selfreplication: Examines the potential for selfreplicating molecular systems in advancing nanotechnology. 19: Robert Dirks: Highlights the contributions of Robert Dirks in the development of DNA nanotechnology. 20: Holliday junction: Discusses the role of the Holliday junction in genetic recombination and its implications in nanotech. 21: Tetraloop: Explores the structure and function of tetraloops in nucleic acid folding and stability. TectoRNA offers readers a deep dive into the intersection of biology and technology, presenting an invaluable collection of insights and practical knowledge that will inspire anyone working with DNA nanotechnology. This book's comprehensive coverage of cuttingedge topics ensures that it remains an essential resource for anyone in the field.

First published in 1990. A country’s development does not take place in a vacuum and it was therefore essential in this earlier work that the main subject (the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s development) should be set into an historical, political and social context. The original edition includes a summary of this background information, starting with the Kingdom’s geographical location and proceeding with a brief account of its history, its political importance and its role in the world economy. Within this context, is described the development and progress of what the Kingdom had achieved, outlining the country’s governmental structure, its administrative divisions, its available investment potential, its prevailing legal and commercial regulations, and its future plans and ambitions. This new book, which has been structured to encompass all aspects of the Kingdom’s development, contains the latest statistical data on the Kingdom’s progress, together with the newly revised background information of the former book. Thus each of the books complements the other, for each records the relevant information at a particular stage in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia’s continuing developmental process.

Unlock the revolutionary potential of RNA origami in the rapidly evolving field of DNA nanotechnology. This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible exploration of how RNA structures can be rationally designed for applications in molecular engineering, nanomedicine, and synthetic biology. Whether you're a researcher, student, or enthusiast, this book offers critical insights into the next frontier of biomolecular design. Chapters Brief Overview: 1: RNA origami – Introduces the concept of RNA origami and its significance in nanotechnology. 2: Native state – Examines RNA folding and stability in its natural biological environment. 3: Biomolecular structure – Discusses fundamental principles governing the architecture of biomolecules. 4: Holliday junction – Explores this key nucleic acid structure and its role in genetic recombination. 5: Nucleic acid quaternary structure – Covers higherorder structural organization in nucleic acids. 6: Spherical nucleic acid – Details how nucleic acids form spherical nanostructures with novel applications. 7: Protein biosynthesis – Explains RNA’s role in guiding the synthesis of proteins. 8: Biomolecule – Provides insights into the structure and function of biomolecules in nanotechnology. 9: Nanoruler – Introduces nanorulers and their application in precise molecular measurements. 10: Nucleic acid tertiary structure – Analyzes the intricate folding patterns of nucleic acids. 11: TectoRNA – Highlights modular RNA units used for constructing complex nanostructures. 12: Nucleic acid design – Discusses principles and strategies for designing functional RNA and DNA. 13: Molecular models of DNA – Explores computational and physical models of DNA structures. 14: Nucleic acid structure – Examines structural variations in DNA and RNA molecules. 15: DNA – Provides a foundational understanding of DNA’s role in biological and synthetic systems. 16: Nucleic acid secondary structure – Explores base pairing and folding patterns critical for RNA function. 17: Base pair – Discusses fundamental basepairing rules and their influence on nucleic acid stability. 18: History of RNA biology – Chronicles key discoveries shaping modern RNA research. 19: DNA nanotechnology – Explains how DNA is engineered for nanoscale applications. 20: DNA origami – Introduces the concept of folding DNA into precise nanoscale shapes. 21: Noncanonical base pairing – Explores alternative basepairing interactions in RNA and DNA structures. With a clear structure and indepth exploration, this book equips professionals, students, and hobbyists with the knowledge to navigate the exciting intersection of RNA origami and DNA nanotechnology. By bridging molecular biology and engineering, this resource ensures readers stay ahead in an era where synthetic biology is reshaping science and technology.

**Selected for Doody's Core Titles® 2024 in Dentistry** From renowned endodontics experts Mahmoud Torabinejad, Ashraf Fouad, and Shahrokh Shabahang comes Endodontics: Principles and Practice, 6th Edition. This focused and extensively revised new edition contains all the clinically-relevant information needed to incorporate endodontics into general dentistry practice. Illustrated step-by-step guidelines and vivid online videos address the ins and outs of diagnosis, treatment planning, managing pulpal and periapical diseases, and performing basic root canal treatments. Updated evidence-based coverage also includes topics such as the etiology of disease, local anesthesia, emergency treatment, obturation, and temporization. It's the perfect endodontics guide for both entry-level dental students and general dentists alike. - Well-known, international contributors share guidelines, expertise, and their clinical experience with contemporary technologies and procedures. - Authoritative, visually detailed coverage provides a practical understanding of basic endodontic principles and procedures, including pulpal and periapical diseases and their management. - Clinically-relevant organization reflects the order in which procedures are performed in clinical settings, enhancing your understanding of the etiology and treatment of teeth with pulpal and periapical diseases. - Over 1,000 full-color illustrations ensure a clear, accurate understanding of procedures, and include radiographs and clinical photographs. - Learning objectives help you meet the theoretical and procedural expectations for each chapter. - More than 67 video clips located on the companion website demonstrate essential procedures. - NEW! Sharper focus on the most clinically relevant content eliminates much of the basic science that you have already studied and focuses on the information and skills that are most-needed during clinical practice. - NEW! Fully updated, evidence-based content integrates the best clinical evidence with the practitioner's clinical expertise and the patient's treatment needs and preferences. - NEW! Expert Consult access is included via a unique pin-code to make the text relevant for both practitioners and students alike. - NEW! Mid-chapter questions check your understanding of the concept before moving onto the next topic.

"Computer Aided Manufacturing" is an indispensable resource for anyone involved in robotics, engineering, or manufacturing technology. As part of the "Robotics Science" series, this book provides a comprehensive look at the critical processes and tools that drive modern production. Whether you're a professional, undergraduate or graduate student, or an enthusiast, this book equips you with the knowledge to navigate the complexities of computeraided manufacturing (CAM) and its integration with robotics. With detailed explanations and clear connections to the broader field of robotics, it serves as an essential guide for mastering both the theoretical and practical aspects of CAM Computeraided manufacturing-This chapter introduces the foundational concepts of CAM, explaining how technology optimizes production processes Computeraided design-It explores the integration of CAD in CAM, highlighting the link between design and manufacturing efficiency Mastercam-Learn about Mastercam's role in simplifying complex machining tasks and its relevance in roboticsdriven manufacturing Machinist-Understand the machinist's critical role in the CAM process, bridging the gap between design and execution in robotics environments Numerical control-Delve into numerical control (NC) systems and their application in robotics for precise and automated machine operation Tebis-This chapter introduces Tebis, a software solution that enhances the capabilities of CNC machines within the robotics framework Tool and cutter grinder-Discover the significance of tool and cutter grinding in manufacturing and its crucial role in robotic automation Cutter location-Explore the importance of accurate cutter location data for optimizing manufacturing processes in robotic systems Rapid prototyping-Learn how rapid prototyping accelerates product development, integrating seamlessly with robotics for faster innovation Vero Software-Understand Vero Software’s contribution to the CAM industry, offering innovative solutions for roboticbased manufacturing processes STEPNC-This chapter covers STEPNC, a modern standard for enhancing communication between CAD, CAM, and CNC systems in robotic applications CNC router-Gain insights into CNC router technology, crucial for precision cutting in robotic manufacturing systems Multiaxis machining-Explore the power of multiaxis machining, expanding the capabilities of robots in intricate manufacturing tasks WorkNC-Learn about WorkNC’s role in optimizing machining strategies for complex parts in the robotics industry Guitar manufacturing-This unique chapter discusses the intersection of CAM and robotics in the niche field of guitar manufacturing SmartCAM-SmartCAM’s role in streamlining manufacturing processes, particularly in robotic automation, is explored here PowerMILL-Understand how PowerMILL software advances robotic machining, offering more precision and flexibility in production Vericut-Learn about Vericut’s simulation software, a vital tool for testing and optimizing robotic machining processes Freeform surface machining-This chapter examines the technology behind freeform surface machining and its integration with robotic systems for highprecision tasks Digital manufacturing-Discover how digital manufacturing ties together CAM, robotics, and automation to revolutionize production lines NCSIMUL-The final chapter discusses NCSIMUL, highlighting its use in simulating and optimizing CNC machining processes within robotics