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Over the past twenty-five years, significant changes in the conduct of wars have increasingly placed civilians in traditional military roles - employing civilians to execute drone strikes, the 'targeted killing' of suspected terrorists, the use of private security contractors in combat zones, and the spread of cyber attacks. Under the laws of armed conflict, civilians cannot be targeted unless they take direct part in hostilities. Once civilians take action, they become targets. This book analyses the complex question of how to identify just who those civilians are. Identifying the Enemy examines the history of civilian participation in armed conflict and how the law has responded to such action. It asks the crucial question: what is 'direct participation in hostilities'? The book slices through the attempts to untie this Gordian knot, and shows that the changing nature of warfare has called into question the very foundation of the civilian/military dichotomy that is at the heart of the law of armed conflict.

This monograph examines and analyses the phenomenon of non-binding instruments (also known as 'soft law') in the law of armed conflict, or international humanitarian law. In the past 30 years, there have been several non-binding instruments created, designed as either 'best practice' guidelines, or (re)statements of applicable law. These instruments are not treaties, but they nevertheless put themselves forward as authoritative statements of what the law is and, in some instances, what the law should be. Soft law instruments can be dynamic, prompt, and responsive measures to address pressing issues in armed conflicts. By drawing on the skill of a small group of experts, these instruments can be debated and drafted in a timelier manner than if these issues were to be left to the international community of 194 States to resolve. Furthermore, because these instruments do not have to be sent for debate to an international conference of States, it means that the provisions are not subject to the usual revisions, reservations, and dilutions that come with attempting to reach consensus. However, there are potential and actual problems with these instruments and the processes that bring them to fruition, and how they are received in practice by States and other stakeholders. This volume looks at the benefits and drawbacks for States and non-State actors with regards to soft law, whether they are effective additions to the law of armed conflict, analysing the development through the lens of theories of legitimacy and legality in international law.

The law that regulates armed conflicts is one of the oldest branches of international law, and yet continues to be one of the most dynamic areas of law today. This book provides an accessible, scholarly, and up-to-date examination of international humanitarian law, offering a comprehensive and logical discussion and analysis of the law. The book contains detailed examples, extracts from relevant cases, useful discussion questions, and a recommended reading list for every chapter. Emerging trends in theory and practice of international humanitarian law are also explored, allowing for readers to build on their knowledge, and grapple with some of the biggest challenges facing the law of armed conflict in the twenty-first century. This second edition offers new sections on issues like detention in non-international armed conflict, characterisation of non-international armed conflicts, expanded chapters on occupation and the protection of civilians, means and methods of warfare, and implementation, enforcement and accountability.

Psychologist Emily Crawfords world changed forever in 2001, when she adopted a tiny green iguana named Sammy. With her fascinating prehistoric appearance and elaborate system of nonverbal communication, Sammy soon grew into an ambassador for love. Her gentle wisdom repeatedly shone light in the darkest places in Emilys life. With humor and beautiful photographs, this personal narrative offers valuable life lessons and ways to listen for love in the most unexpected places. God Is Talking helps us realize that even iguanas can teach us about life as long as we can slow down and listen! Whether you are a parent, animal lover, spiritual person, or anyone who has had challenges in your life, learn how to gain insight and perspective into the gifts that life brings! Abram Wilks, licensed clinical social worker Sammy the green iguana is brought to life with warmth, enthusiasm, and cleverness. There is so much wisdom about the world wrapped up in one little beloved green iguana girl! This is a big journey through lifes important lessons from a unique perspective you will not want to miss! Shannyn Yalaoui, systems analyst and Second Chance animal rescue volunteer Its a fun and honest love story that makes a person want to go green. It also is a great reminder that God can and does work in all kinds of waysnot just in the ordinary but the extraordinary. Reverend Keith Vessell, First United Methodist Church

This book looks at why international law continues to make the legal distinction between persons who participate in an international or an internal armed conflict and, drawing on considerable legal precedent, legal theory, and the situation in Guantanamo Bay, it argues that it is time for the law of armed conflict to be applied more uniformly.

A group of gnomes made from found objects secretly helps Western artist Charles Russel and his apprentice Joe De Young find inspiration to finish a painting. Includes instructions on how to craft a gnome.

Nowadays, we are constantly working online, and most of the old office tools have become obsolete, in favor of online tools. But using these tools in an effective way is not so easy. You have to deal with a lot of features, and most of them are hidden, or unreachable, or you simply don't know how to perform simple tasks that you have already done using desktop applications. As a teacher, I know that there are a lot of feature that are not easy to find nor to use. Google Classroom, Google Apps and Zoom, specifically, are the most powerful online tools, and they come basically for free, but you need to know how to use them if you want to go fast and without wasting time learning trough experience. So, I've wrote this book to help you to know them deeply, even their hidden features. In this book you will learn: All the features provided by Google Classroom and related tools, using simple step-by-step procedures and screenshots How to make Assignments, Announcements, Gradings, and enable students to communicate with each other Why going Paperless will help you as a Teacher How to have an Anxiety-Free Classroom and enhance the environment What are the most powerful Google Apps, and how to use them How to store, synchronize and share files and folders using Google Drive How to write, edit, format, and share Text Documents with Google Docs Create powerful Spreadsheets with Google Sheet Creating, Sharing and Collaboration on Presentations with Google Slides How to create and manage your schedule, events and reminders with Google Calendar How to use Google Forms How to use Google Photos How to manage your list and notes with Google Keep Discover the secret benefits of using Gmail What is Zoom and why is so Important to perform Online Meetings The History of Zoom from the early years to now, and its role during Pandemic How to use Zoom for Distance Learning What is the best Pricing Plan for Teaching Equipment Needed to Smoothly Use Zoom for Effective Learning Discover all the Features of the App, the most important ones, and why you should use them How to Set Up and Conduct Virtual Classes How to Set up An Assignment or Discussion Board How to Record a Class for future usage How to Avoid Noise in the background How to use the Virtual Whiteboard A selection of the most important Tips & Tricks ... and so much more! Even if you think that most of these pieces of information can be found on the Internet, you'll find that it is totally untrue because this book is the result of a profound work of research done directly with teachers.

If you want to learn how to use Zoom to teach to your Students effectively and make your Classroom Really Digital, then keep reading Teaching without using online tools and resources can make a teacher's life very hard. Such a large part of your classroom time is taken up by the process of organizing student work, making sure all are aware of the upcoming assignments and solutions. It is not rare for teachers entering the world of classroom technology to be overwhelmed by the additional devices, electronic documents, applications, and classroom management strategies needed for students to learn successfully. Several teachers have started using Zoom to Teach Classes online. In this book, you will learn: What is Zoom and why is so Important to perform Online Meetings The History of Zoom from the early years to now, and its role during Pandemic The Key Requirements to use Zoom Effectively How to use Zoom for Distance Learning What is the best Pricing Plan for Teaching Equipment Needed to Smoothly Use Zoom for Effective Learning Step-by-step guide for downloading, installing, and make a new account Discover all the Features of the App, the most important ones, and why you should use them How to Set Up and Conduct Virtual Classes How to Increase Retention with online learning How to Schedule a Class How to Invite students to a Class The best way to Deliver a Lesson using Zoom How to Set up An Assignment or Discussion Board How to Record a Class for future usage How to Avoid Noise in the background How to use the Virtual Whiteboard Guidelines for students (clothing etc.) How to Deliver Assignments through File Sharing How to Schedule Meetings A selection of the most important Tips & Tricks ... and so much more! Even if you think that most of these pieces of information can be found on the Internet, you'll find that it is totally untrue because this book is the result of a profound work of research done directly with teachers. If you want to know more, scroll to the top and click the buy now button.

If you want to learn how to use Google Classroom to teach to your Students effectively and make your Classroom Really Digital, then keep reading Teaching without using online tools and resources can make a teacher's life very hard. Such a large part of your classroom time is taken up by the process of organizing student work, making sure all are aware of the upcoming assignments and solutions. It is not rare for teachers entering the world of classroom technology to be overwhelmed by the additional devices, electronic documents, applications, and classroom management strategies needed for students to learn successfully. Several teachers have started using Google Classroom to assist with Classroom Management, a tool designed from the ground up with teacher feedback. In this book, you will learn: All the features provided by Google Classroom and related tools, using simple step-by-step procedures and screenshots Why Google Classroom is the best way to Teach Outside of the School How to allow Teachers to Communicate with Students effectively How to make Assignments, Announcements, Gradings, and enable students to communicate with each other How to collect Work and Files, to have all students on the same page, using Google dedicated tools Why Google Classroom is so Crucial for Students Who Struggle Why going Paperless will help you as a Teacher Why Google Classroom is a Huge Time Saver How to improve Students Commitment using technology Best Practices, Tips & Tricks Discover all the Hidden and Secret Features How to have an Anxiety-Free Classroom and enhance the environment How Google Classroom Will Boost Your Teaching Even if you think that most of these pieces of information can be found on the Internet, you'll find that it is totally untrue because this book is the result of a profound work of research done directly with teachers. If you want to know more, scroll to the top and click the buy now button.

Teaching without using online tools and resources can make a teacher's life very hard. Such a large part of your classroom time is taken up by the process of organizing student work, making sure all are aware of the upcoming assignments and solutions. It is not rare for teachers entering the world of classroom technology to be overwhelmed by the additional devices, electronic documents, applications, and classroom management strategies needed for students to learn successfully. Several teachers have started using Google Classroom to assist with Classroom Management, a tool designed from the ground up with teacher feedback. In this book, you will learn: All the features provided by Google Classroom and related tools, using simple step-by-step procedures and screenshots Why Google Classroom is the best way to Teach Outside of the School How to allow Teachers to Communicate with Students effectively How to make Assignments, Announcements, Gradings, and enable students to communicate with each other How to collect Work and Files, to have all students on the same page, using Google dedicated tools Why Google Classroom is so Crucial for Students Who Struggle Why going Paperless will help you as a Teacher Why Google Classroom is a Huge Time Saver How to improve Students Commitment using technology Best Practices, Tips & Tricks Discover all the Hidden and Secret Features How to have an Anxiety-Free Classroom and enhance the environment How Google Classroom Will Boost Your Teaching Even if you think that most of these pieces of information can be found on the Internet, you'll find that it is totally untrue because this book is the result of a profound work of research done directly with teachers.