Identity-building After Conflict
There is a growing consensus that the international community's nation-building efforts have disproportionately focused on state-building - developing the capacity of the state and its institutions. Peace and security have been inextricably linked to state-building, in particular to the construction of a liberal democratic state and institutions. However, identity-building - developing a unifying national political community - is also a fundamental process of nation-building. Identity-building legitimises and consolidates the nation-state, guarding it against further fragmentation. The thesis critically assesses nation-building in Timor-Leste. Peace and stability in Timor-Leste were under threat from internal forces and not external ones, as had been the case during periods of Portuguese colonialism and Indonesian occupation, only a few years after achieveing independence on 20 May 2002. The emergence of the so-called east-west divide between Timorese from the eastern region,lorosa'e, and those from the western region, loromonu, during the 2006 crisis in Timor-Leste indicates that identity-building in Timor-Leste is fragile or even failing. In the post-independence period, contemporary lorosa'e andloromonu identities have become politicised in a divisive national discourse about the competing roles played by both groups during the resistance movement. The developing national political community in Timor-Leste appears to be weak and unable to contain strong regional identities. The thesis examines the political significance of the east-west divide in the post-crisis period, exploring the implications of its ongoing significance for nation-building in Timor-Leste, in particular for identity-building. The thesis argues that the divide poses a critical challenge to the emergence of new narratives of nationalism which support reconciliation in the post-independence period and consequently, to the development of a cohesive national political community.