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Biophysics is a branch of interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of physical and biophysical principles and their applications to health sciences. The action of measuring anything is known as measurement. Always accurate measurements are essential because by measuring we can truly understand the universe and the surroundings. Also, we might be able to make decisions based on the results of measurements. Measurement plays a major role in biophysics. Biophysical measurement measures physical changes in a human being that take place over time related to a specific indicator and using an accepted measurement procedure. In biophysics, measurements are particularly important because they allow us to characterize the properties of biological systems at different levels of the organization, from the molecular scale to the cellular and tissue levels. These measurements may be made using various techniques, such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and electrophysiology, among others. Despite their apparent differences, nursing and physics have many areas of overlap and can be used by one another to promote better patient care and overall health outcomes. Measurement is a crucial component of nursing practice because it enables nurses to monitor, measure, and evaluate patients' health status. A patient's physical, psychological, and social health can be objectively measured by nurses using a range of instruments and procedures. With this information, they can create and carry out treatment programs that are tailored to the patient's needs. Also to deal with contemporary technology, electrical and electronic devices, digital life support systems, etc., and provide better and quality care to patients in hospitals, assisted living facilities, and many other settings, nurses apply their understanding of physical phenomena and the principles of physics.

Biophysics is a branch of interdisciplinary science that deals with the study of physical and biophysical principles and their applications to health sciences. The action of measuring anything is known as measurement. Always accurate measurements are essential because by measuring we can truly understand the universe and the surroundings. Also, we might be able to make decisions based on the results of measurements. Measurement plays a major role in biophysics. Biophysical measurement measures physical changes in a human being that take place over time related to a specific indicator and using an accepted measurement procedure. In biophysics, measurements are particularly important because they allow us to characterize the properties of biological systems at different levels of the organization, from the molecular scale to the cellular and tissue levels. These measurements may be made using various techniques, such as microscopy, spectroscopy, and electrophysiology, among others. Despite their apparent differences, nursing and physics have many areas of overlap and can be used by one another to promote better patient care and overall health outcomes. Measurement is a crucial component of nursing practice because it enables nurses to monitor, measure, and evaluate patients' health status. A patient's physical, psychological, and social health can be objectively measured by nurses using a range of instruments and procedures. With this information, they can create and carry out treatment programs that are tailored to the patient's needs. Also to deal with contemporary technology, electrical and electronic devices, digital life support systems, etc., and provide better and quality care to patients in hospitals, assisted living facilities, and many other settings, nurses apply their understanding of physical phenomena and the principles of physics.

Wash hands @ reduce transmission of microorganisms  Organize the equipment @ enhances efficiency and patient safety  Explain the procedure to the patient@ decreases patient anxiety  Prepare humidifier @ add distilled water if needed @delivers humidified oxygen to mucous membranes of airway  Turn oxygen flow meter on until bubbling is noted in humidifier @enusres connections are intact  Check order  Adjust flow of oxygen via flowmeter @ regulates oxygen flow delivery  Put on gloves  Place tips of cannula in patient’s nares, fit tubing over ears, tighten tubing under chin and adjust to popper fit. @ Ensures proper fit of nasal cannula.  Position patient for comfort and ease of breathing with head of bed elevated. @Facilitates lung expansion for adequate gas exchange.  Evaluate patient’s respirations and oxygen saturation Simple mask, Partial Rebreather Mask, non rebreather mask, Venturi Mask  Wash hands @ reduces transmission of microorganism

Oxygen therapy administration is a fundamental aspect of nursing care aimed at providing supplemental oxygen to patients experiencing respiratory distress or inadequate oxygenation. As an essential component in managing various health conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia, or acute respiratory failure, nurses play a pivotal role in assessing, implementing, and monitoring the delivery of oxygen therapy. In all health care settings, assessing patient health is a deliberate and ongoing effort. The importance of routine health assessment has increased along with the emphasis on prevention. The choice of therapies the client receives and the assessment of how well those therapies work depend on how accurately the nurse's assessment. When the nurse conducts ongoing goals and thorough assessments, the continuity of the patient's medical care improves. Palpation is an assessment technique in which the examiner feels with his/her fingers and one or both hands. Skill and gentleness are important. It reveals any swelling, coldness, hotness, stiffness, hardness, smoothness, roughness, pain, vibration, firmness and flaccidity. The following points are to be kept in mind while doing palpation:

Wash hands @ reduce transmission of microorganisms  Organize the equipment @ enhances efficiency and patient safety  Explain the procedure to the patient@ decreases patient anxiety  Prepare humidifier @ add distilled water if needed @delivers humidified oxygen to mucous membranes of airway  Turn oxygen flow meter on until bubbling is noted in humidifier @enusres connections are intact  Check order  Adjust flow of oxygen via flowmeter @ regulates oxygen flow delivery  Put on gloves  Place tips of cannula in patient’s nares, fit tubing over ears, tighten tubing under chin and adjust to popper fit. @ Ensures proper fit of nasal cannula.  Position patient for comfort and ease of breathing with head of bed elevated. @Facilitates lung expansion for adequate gas exchange.  Evaluate patient’s respirations and oxygen saturation Simple mask, Partial Rebreather Mask, non rebreather mask, Venturi Mask  Wash hands @ reduces transmission of microorganism

Master the BPSC General Studies Combined (Preliminary) Competitive Examination with "20 Practice Sets" by Dr. Ranjit Kumar Singh IAS (AIR-49) Prepare to conquer the Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) General Studies Combined (Preliminary) Competitive Examination with the ultimate resource - "20 Practice Sets" by Dr. Ranjit Kumar Singh IAS (AIR-49). This comprehensive book is your key to success in the BPSC examination. Unlock the Secrets of Success in BPSC This book is your passport to mastering the BPSC General Studies Combined (Preliminary) Competitive Examination. Dr. Ranjit Kumar Singh, with his vast experience and impressive All India Rank-49, has meticulously crafted twenty practice sets, each designed to replicate the actual examination's format and content. By working through these practice sets, you will gain confidence, sharpen your problem-solving skills, and develop a deep understanding of the examination's structure. Each set is a valuable opportunity to fine-tune your knowledge and strategies for achieving success. Why "20 Practice Sets" is Your Path to Success:Complete Coverage: Dive into a diverse range of practice sets, ensuring you are well-versed in the subjects and topics crucial for the BPSC General Studies Combined (Preliminary) Competitive Examination.Precision Practice: Benefit from the practice sets to refine your problem-solving skills, time management, and test-taking strategies, simulating the real exam experience.Expert Guidance: Dr. Ranjit Kumar Singh's expertise, as demonstrated by his AIR-49 ranking, ensures you have a reliable source of knowledge and strategies to succeed in the BPSC examination.Proven Results: Countless aspirants have relied on this book to secure their success in the BPSC General Studies Combined (Preliminary) Competitive Examination. Join their ranks and embark on your journey to a successful and fulfilling career in Bihar's civil services. Your journey to a distinguished career in the Bihar Public Service Commission begins with the right guidance and resources. Don't miss the opportunity to excel in the BPSC General Studies Combined (Preliminary) Competitive Examination. Secure your copy of "20 Practice Sets" by Dr. Ranjit Kumar Singh IAS (AIR-49) and set out on the path to a successful career in Bihar's civil services.

Water is vital to all living organisms, but this valued resource is increasingly being threatened as human populations grow and demand more water of good quality for all domestic purposes and economic activities (commercial cum industrial purposes). Water abstraction for domestic use agricultural production, mining, industrial production, power generation, forestry etc can lead to deterioration in water quality and quantity that impact not only the aquatic ecosystems but also the availability of safe hygienic and potable water for human consumption (United Nations Environment Programme, 2006). A healthy environment is necessary for any organism, since life depends on the continuance of a proper exchange of essential substances and energies between the organisms and its surroundings (Welch 1952). Water has a unique place on planet as it supports life on earth. The entire fabric of life is woven around it. Man uses this important resource collected in depressions on earth or creates depressions by blocking the streams and constructing reservoirs, because of industrial development and unplanned urbanization (Singh et .al. 2002). Water as one of the basic substances of life is called upon to serve many beneficial uses that require a high degree of purity to provide a suitable habitat for life or other uses primarily including drinking which may depend on the most basic physico- chemical properties. Beneficial uses of water supply, industry supply, agricultural stock and wild life propagation of aquatic life, aesthetic enjoyment, depression and assimilation of wastes. Hence water should be free from even material that will settle to form objectionable deposits, floating debris, scum and other comparable matter, substances that produce objectionable colour, odour, taste or turbidity which are toxic or which produce undesirable physiological responses in human beings, fish, other animal life and plants (Dwiwedi & Dwiwedi 2010). Safe drinking water is a human birth right as clean air however much of the world’s population does not have access to safe drinking water.

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