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This study of a royal Norwegian farm on the Shetland island of Papa Stour was inspired by a document of 1299 recording the meeting between a Norwegian royal official and a woman who had accused him of treachery to his royal master.

Excavations at Howe between 1978 and 1982 presented an unparalleled opportunity to examine the extensive and complex remains of a broch settlement, and thereby more fully understand the stages of evolution from roundhouse to massive complex roundhouse. The ensuing discovery of the earlier Neolithic structures and enclosed early Iron Age settlements added further layers of importance to this rich and complex site. This volume presents the detailed excavation report, discussing the structural and environmental evidence, the material culture, human remains, and radiocarbon dates.

In this work, 20 leading Scottish authorities and new researchers on the Iron Age provide a wide-ranging account of our present knowledge of the period.

New book tells story of Orkney's archaeological chance discoveries Orkney's world-heritage listed Neolithic landscape still holds secrets about our earliest societies. BetweenTomband Cist' by archaeologist Beverley Ballin Smith reports on the Historic Scotland funded investigation of the funerary monuments of Crantit, Kewing and Nether Onston, Orkney. The Crantit site, in particular, thrilled archaeologists when it was uncovered by ploughing in a field not far from Kirkwall in 1998. The structure had lain hidden, untouched, for millennia and excavations quickly revealed that it was far more than a burial chamber. Neolithictombsin Orkney were designed with an almost standard set of architectural features; most of which seem to reflect a desire for visual prominence and display, such as at Maeshowe. In contrast, Crantit seems to reflect a change to a style of burial architecture that sought to move away from grand statements about the dead. It was constructed underground and almost hidden away in the earth. The book's author, Beverley Ballin Smith, said: "I think the architecture of thetombtells us of discord or disharmonybetweenold belief systems and changes to those beliefs that were beginning to affect the way people were buried. Thetombcrosses the boundariesbetweenmonumentaltombs(old beliefs) and the much smaller and later cists (new beliefs). It broke rules and created new ones. "Crantit seems to express the mourners' beliefs, taboos and superstitions, and their ways of caring for and curating the dead. In the detailing of the design, we see also evidence of their excellent architectural workmanship. However, some of the ideas and practices remain enigmatic, such as the markings on the stone within the burial chamber and the possible ritual offering of the polished stone ball." Ms Ballin Smith's book analyses the three sites that were discovered by accidentbetween1998 and 2002, during ploughing and landscaping activities. All three sites are around 4-5000 years old, spanning from the end of the late Neolithic to sometime during the end of the early Bronze Age. Together they demonstrate changes in burial customs and beliefs, and therefore also reflect changes in society. Finds from the sites, including human skulls and bones, along with woven materials, reveal a gradual movement away from interment in a grave to a society where cremation became the dominant practice. The evidence shows that these changes were not straightforward: old and new practices existed together and the changes were gradual and Ms Ballin Smith explores this theory in her book."

Medical and Psychosocial Aspects of Chronic Illness, Sixth Edition is intended to teach students, counselors and other medical professionals working with the chronically ill and disabled how to better understand the manifestations of common chronic illnesses and the disabilities among their clients.

In this work, 20 leading Scottish authorities and new researchers on the Iron Age provide a wide-ranging account of our present knowledge of the period.

This study of a royal Norwegian farm on the Shetland island of Papa Stour was inspired by a document of 1299 recording the meeting between a Norwegian royal official and a woman who had accused him of treachery to his royal master.