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For design purposes one needs to relate the structure of proposed materials to their NLO (nonlinear optical) and other properties, which is a situation where theoretical approaches can be very helpful in providing suggestions for candidate systems that subsequently can be synthesized and studied experimentally. This brief describes the quantum-mechanical treatment of the response to one or more external oscillating electric fields for molecular and macroscopic, crystalline systems. To calculate NLO properties of large systems, a linear scaling generalized elongation method for the efficient and accurate calculation is introduced. The reader should be aware that this treatment is particularly feasible for complicated three-dimensional and/or delocalized systems that are intractable when applied to conventional or other linear scaling methods.

Family life in Harlem, 1907-1927; education in New York City and later teaching there; Psychology Department at Hunter College, New York, 1928-1952; New School for Social Research; research director, Children's Court treatment project, 1947; activity in New York State Psychology Association; Housatonic Mental Health Center, Lakeville, Connecticut; fund raising for Russian War Relief, World War II; American Labor Party, Westchester County; civil rights activity; travels; family life.