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Geared toward college undergraduates new to the subject, this concise introduction to formal logic was written by Alice Ambrose and Morris Lazerowitz, a pair of noted scholars and prolific authors in this field. A preliminary section opens the subject under the heading of truth-functions. Two subsequent parts on quantification and classes, each subdivided into numerous brief specifics, complete the overview. Suitable for students of philosophy as well as mathematics, the three-part treatment begins with the intuitive development of the standard theory of sentential connectives (called "operators"). The theory is further developed with the assistance of truth-tables and ultimately as a logistic system. Part II explores first-order quantification theory. In addition to examining most of the familiar laws that can be expressed by monadic formulas, the text addresses polyadic principles and the theories of identity and descriptions. Part III focuses on elementary concepts of classes, from class membership and class inclusion to the algebra of classes. Each part concludes with a series of exercises.

First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

The problem of necessity remains one of the central issues in modern philosophy. The authors of this volume, originally published in 1985, developed a new approach to the problem, which focusses on the logical grammar of necessary propositions. This volume gathers their seminal essays on the problem of necessity, together with new material at the original time publication.

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First published in English in 1966, Essays in Analysis addresses the problems in logic and foundations of mathematics, metaphysics, and epistemology. The problems are all root problems in their fields and range from questions concerning our knowledge of the external world to questions about logical entailment, mathematical proof, and induction. Their treatment is not guided by any underlying systematic view, as is characteristic in speculative philosophy. The unity and orientation of the collection are instead provided by the method employed throughout, the method of analysis. A central method of philosophy from Zeno to the present has been analysis of concepts, and the guiding idea throughout these essays is that analysis is the only means by which philosophers can bring clarification to their subject. The complaint has been made that clarity is not enough; but unless it is steadfastly pursued, obscurity and confusion are free to pass for profundity. As will be evident from even a cursory view reading of these studies, all are deeply influenced by Moore and Wittgenstein, with whom the author studied for some years at Cambridge university. This is an interesting read for scholars and researchers of philosophy.

The problem of necessity remains one of the central issues in modern philosophy. The authors of this volume, originally published in 1985, developed a new approach to the problem, which focusses on the logical grammar of necessary propositions. This volume gathers their seminal essays on the problem of necessity, together with new material at the original time publication.