Atmospheric Thermodynamics
"A comprehensive treatment of thermodynamic processes operating in the atmosphere is presented with the core of the text focusing on water and its transformations. Four chapters lay the foundations, from energy conservation to the ideal gas law, specific heat capacities, adiabatic processes, and entropy. Applications of the first and second laws are presented, and the measurement of temperature, pressure, and moisture are described. An all-encompassing chapter treats phase transitions of water, including the effect of dissolved substances and size on water vapor pressure. The chapter on moist air and clouds discusses virtual temperature, isentropic ascent of saturated air, conserved parameters for moist processes, thermodynamic processes, thermodynamic diagrams, stability, and cloud formation. The final chapter covers energy, momentum, and mass transfer processes that are relevant to micrometeorology and biometeorology. Energy exchange between humans and their environments is treated with an emphasis on comfort in hot, humid conditions and cold windy conditions (wind chill). Assumptions and approximations are carefully laid out, derivations are detailed, and equations are interpreted physically, and applied. More than 400 thought-provoking problems are included along with about 350 references with annotations and suggestions for further reading"--