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This readable, well-illustrated text describes the exquisite job that the mammalian ear does in transforming sound into nerve impulses. The reader is led along the same pathway followed by an acoustic signal--from the outer ear, through the middle ear, and into the inner ear where the minuscule vibrations of the sound waves are transformed into nerve impulses. At each stage, the basic mechanisms are described qualitatively in terms of current theory and illustrated with experimental data.

This text provides an introduction to the important physics underpinning current technologies, highlighting key concepts in areas that include linear and rotational motion, energy, work, power, heat, temperature, fluids, waves, and magnetism. This revision reflects the latest technology advances, from smart phones to the Internet of Things, and all kinds of sensors. The author also provides more modern worked examples with useful appendices and laboratories for hands-on practice. There are also two brand new chapters covering sensors as well as electric fields and electromagnetic radiation as applied to current technologies.

This book introduces and details the key facets of Combined Analysis—an x-ray and/or neutron scattering methodology which combines structural, textural, stress, microstructural, phase, layer, or other relevant variable or property analyses in a single approach. The author starts with basic theories related to diffraction by polycrystals and some of the most common combined analysis instrumental set-ups are detailed. Powder diffraction data treatment is introduced and in particular, the Rietveld analysis is discussed. The book also addresses automatic phase indexing—a necessary step to solve a structure ab initio. Since its effect prevails on real samples where textures are often stabilized, quantitative texture analysis is also detailed. Also discussed are microstructures of powder diffraction profiles; quantitative phase analysis from the Rietveld analysis; residual stress analysis for isotropic and anisotropic materials; specular x-ray reflectivity, and the various associated models. Finally, the book introduces the combined analysis concept, showing how it is superior to the view presented when we look at only one part of the analyses. This book shows that the existence of texture in a specimen can be envisaged as a way to decouple ordinarily strongly correlated parameters, as measured for instance in powder diagrams, and to examine and detail deeper material characterizations in a single methodology.

Offers a comprehensive, comparative, and integrative approach to the history of Western Asia and northeast Africa, Integrates the latest epigraphic research and archacological discoverics, Uses states and communities as the focal points of the narrative, Fully illustrated, with detailed cartography for each chapter, Written by an international team of leading scholars Book jacket.