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"We investigated patterns of wolf predation, including prey selection, prey switching, kill rates, carcass utilization, and consumption rates for 4 wolf packs during three different study periods (March 1989, March 1990, and November 1990) in Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, Alaska."--Leaf 2.

"We investigated the functional response of wolves (Canis lupus) to varying abundance of ungulate prey to test the hypothesis that switching from alternate prey to preferred prey results in potential regulation of a caribou (Rangifer tarandus) population at low densities (ie. [sic] predator pit)."--Leaf 1.