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Due to differences in the effectiveness and side effects of different drugs, uncertainty is an important component of prescription drug choice. This uncertainty can cause patients and doctors to experiment with different drugs until they find a good match. In this paper, we specify and estimate a dynamic model of pharmaceutical choice under uncertainty in which patients choose a drug in order to minimize the present discounted value of costs associated with treatment in the anti-ulcer drug market. We find strong evidence that this market is split into { em casual} patients for whom uncertainty about drug quality doesn't matter, and { em serious} patients for whom quality differentials between drugs matter, since a high quality drug can substantially lower the expected treatment length (and therefore the associated expected treatment costs). We consider the implications of these results for innovation in this drug market.

Micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) are recognized as crucial drivers of economic development, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. The advent of digital platforms, characterized by economies of scale and significant cross-network externalities in two-sided markets, has brought about unprecedented changes to people's daily lives, employment, businesses, and markets. These transformations have unlocked opportunities for MSMEs. In this paper, we analyze the dynamics of e-commerce and how they unfolded during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, using a unique, composite dataset focusing on GoFood merchants in Indonesia. This paper makes a notable contribution by expanding the analysis of the platform efficiency contributions into static efficiency and dynamic efficiency perspectives. Our analysis reveals three key findings. First, online platforms like Gojek offered a novel form of social safety nets for MSMEs. Second, as the COVID-19 pandemic intensified, we observed market congestion externalities and cannibalization tendencies. Third, women- and men-owned businesses opted for different crisis-mitigation and coping strategies. Vulnerable microenterprises, often owned by women merchants with limited support networks and business assets, were disproportionately affected by the pandemic. Overall, our study demonstrates that the rapid acceleration of digital transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic presents unique research opportunities on distributive justice, external effects, and scale economies, as well as related competition policies.

In differentiated product markets where consumer preferences are characterized by brand loyalty, an important role for advertising may be to overcome brand loyalty by encouraging consumers to switch to less familiar brands. Using a scanner panel dataset of breakfast-cereal purchases, I find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that advertising counteracts the tendencies of brand loyalty toward repeat purchasing. Equivalently, advertising is an attractive and effective option - relative to alternative promotional activities, such as price discounts - of stimulating demand for a brand.

". . . from expected death comes unexpected new life!" The Gospel of Matthew does not shy away from the realities of struggle, suffering, doubt, and death. Yet, from the first names in the genealogy to the last words spoken by Jesus, the Gospel testifies to the promise that from expected death comes unexpected new life. Through the actions of Tamar, Rahab, Ruth, and Bathsheba, we experience the expectation of death and the promise of unexpected new life. In the birth story of Jesus, Joseph suspects Mary of committing adultery. It is this dilemma that is the focus of the narrative. If he reveals her pregnancy, she could be killed. If he conceals her pregnancy, he will be going against the law of the Lord. What is a righteous man to do? In Joseph's dilemma, this experience of expected death, the Gospel of Matthew proclaims the promise of unexpected new life. The promise of unexpected new life is a theme that continues throughout Matthew's Gospel in the life and ministry of Jesus. The call of his disciples is a call from death to new life. The teaching of Jesus focuses on the experience of death and the promise of new life. In both healing and curing, Jesus brings unexpected new life to those who face death. But it is the death and resurrection of Jesus that is the climax of unexpected new life in the Gospel of Matthew. Even as Jesus experiences a most horrific and humiliating death in the crucifixion, death and the grave do not have the final say. In bearing witness to Jesus' resurrection, the Gospel of Matthew proclaims the magnificent promise of unexpected new life. Matthew J. Marohl invites you in these pages to read the Gospel of Matthew in a new way, from a fresh perspective. Integrating insights from the study of Mediterranean anthropology, Marohl makes the cultural world of the Gospel come alive, so that as you read Matthew again (or perhaps for the first time) you will certainly experience the powerful promise that from expected death comes unexpected new life!

Matthew’s Gospel makes mention of prophets and prophecy more than any other canonical Gospel. Yet its perspective on prophecy has generally been neglected within biblical scholarship when, in fact, Jesus’ prophetic vocation is a central christological theme for Matthew. This new study by Matthew Anslow seeks to draw attention to this underdeveloped focus within Matthean studies. The central claim of the book is that in Matthew’s Gospel, Jesus’ prophetic vocation is presented as a multi-faceted phenomenon, drawing on several prophetic traditions. Like biblical and popular prophets before him, Jesus is depicted by Matthew as calling Israel back to covenantal faithfulness, thereby providing guidance for the identity, theology, and communal life of God’s people.

Explore the tenderness and the tensions in the teachings of Jesus. The Gospel of Matthew portrays Jesus and his message as full of tender compassion and urgent warning. This six-part exploration of an enigmatic Gospel takes readers into the themes, topics, and tensions at the heart of Matthew's story about the life and work of Jesus. Chapters focus on blessing and comfort, judgment and retribution, the meaning of discipleship, Jesus’ vision for the Church and world, conflicts and complaints, and how the Gospel of Matthew speaks to believers today. The book can be read alone or used by small groups anytime throughout the year. Components include video teaching sessions featuring Matthew Skinner and a comprehensive Leader Guide.