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Hydroforming, in comparison with sheet stamping, is an efficient and economical manufacturing process for complex-shape aerospace composite parts because it does not require the use of a female die. The hydroforming manufacturing method is expected to greatly increase the formability of composite parts by using a controllable heated and pressurized fluid that acts as a support for the composite sheet throughout the forming process. The design of a hydroforming process and a machine to shape complex aerospace composite parts is proposed in this chapter. The design and analysis of a sheet metal hydroforming machine with composite overwrap are presented to sustainably and efficiently produce not only the aerospace composites but also dual-phase and bake hardened steel parts with complex 3D geometry.

This book provides a comprehensive compendium of recent research on business intelligence-oriented patent data analysis and mining. Through the book, the readers will gain an essential understanding of the following topics: (1) text mining modeling for patent documents, including statistics modeling and key phrase extraction mining; (2) the patent retrieval method, including chuck based retrieval and retrieval fusion method; and (3) integrated business solutions for stock dynamics, technology prospecting, and minimizing legal exposure. This book provides an informative and insightful reference guide for researchers who are newcomers to patent data mining and business intelligence, as well as for professionals and practitioners from industry.

Steganography, the concealment of data within other carrier media, represents a typical security issue to the protection of sensitive information as well as the collection of intelligence. On the contrary, Steganalysis aims to identify the presence of suspected objects in media and if possible, destroy or recover the hidden information. Within the repeating no "end all" competition between these counter-techniques, the latter usually takes a "passive" role due to its inherent technical difficulties. In this thesis, we carry out a thorough review of the fundamental implications associated with steganography such as the history of steganography, steganographic framework, and the embedding process. In practice, many different media have been chosen as potential carriers (text, video, and digital images for example) but digital images are still the most popular carrier medium. Least-significant bit (LSB) insertion, which provides a high embedding capacity, is the most widely-implemented and easiest approach. We introduce various technical challenges that steganalysis has and alternations available in steganalysis in order to achieve its goal. We find the detection of the hidden message is the most desirable outcome for this technique. We classify the steganalytic domain into two categories: Algorithm Specific steganalysis and Universal steganalysis. For each category, we investigate some typical algorithms. We analyze the theoretical bases that make them workable. Apart from this, we discuss the strengths and weaknesses associated with each algorithm as well as improvements that have been made in subsequent research. In contrast to the in-depth investigation of either steganography or steganalysis techniques, this thesis also brings these theories into practice by way of performing experiments towards two representative steganalytic methods: Raw Quick Pair analysis and RS analysis. Through the critical reviews and experiments, we aim to validate them through experiments and highlight points that are not addressed in their initial proposals.

In this chapter, we explore a novel type of thermo-hydroforming process conceived to expand the role of sheet metal hydroforming machines from one of just forming sheet metal materials into one of being able to form multiple materials. This work specifically focuses on the use of thermohydroforming to shape and thermal catalyze prepreg composite sheets into rigid parts of complex 3D geometry. Elastomeric Sheet Hydroforming is an excellent low-cost manufacturing method requiring a single tool die on only one side. The mating die is a flexible membrane backed by fluid under high pressure. Various designs configurations exist that allow for significant pressure levels of up to 1400 Bar (20,000 psi), to be contained. The cycle life of the containment vessel components is commonly designed to accommodate up to 1 million cycles of use over 40 years. However, these machines can be expensive ranging in cost from several hundred thousand up to $6 million dollars. Expanding the market scope and potential of the press by enabling them to also form composites will provide benefit to both the machine owners and their customers. The intent of this project is to advance the state of the art in composites forming by demonstrating through FEA modeling that a hydroforming machine can be potentially configured to form thermally catalyzed prepreg composite panels. It is believed that the concept in like manner, will also be applicable to forming metal-composite hybrid panels, stratified metal thermoplastic laminates, thermoplastic synthetic granites and of course sheet metal materials. This concept seeks to benefit the American Manufacturing Industry and create jobs in the U.S. by providing a low-cost method for manufacturers to produce medium to very large sized high-quality sheet composite parts of an advanced nature in construction. This application is for operations requiring volumes less than 30,000 forming cycles per year per machine. Processes currently exist in the industry that utilizes heated air or heated glycol to form sheet materials. However, this process seeks to offer greater benefit by using pure water as a high thermal conductivity working fluid in a scheme that offers vastly elevated pressure during forming and curing cycles.

Sizing of hat-stiffened composite panels is challenging because of the broad design hyperspace in several geometric and material parameters available to the designer. Design tasks can be simplified if parameter sensitivity analysis is performed a priori and design data is made available in terms of a few important parameters. In this chapter, design sensitivity analysis is performed using finite element analysis (FEA) and analytical solution models. Manufacturing and experimental measurements of a hat-stiffened composite structure is performed to validate the FEA and idealized analytical solutions. This is an attempt to initiate a structural architecture methodology to speed the development and qualification of composite aircraft that will reduce design cost, increase the possibility of content reuse, and improve time-to-market. In particular, FEA results were compared with analytical solutions to develop a design methodology that will allow extensive reuse of parametric hat-stiffened panels in the design of composites structural components. This methodology is now widely utilized in developing a library of commonly used, built-in, composite structural elements in design of modern aircrafts. In this chapter, hat stiffened composite panels,Äô geometric parameter sensitivity analysis work were parametrically investigated using finite element analysis (FEA), analytical solution models and experimental testing on manufactured parts in order to develop structural architectures that speed development and qualification of composite aircraft which has broad benefits in reducing cost, increasing content reuse and improving time-to-market. In particular, FEA results were compared with analytical solutions and a design methodology was developed to allow extensive reuse of parametric elements in structural design of composites and to achieve expedited design, verification, validation, and airworthiness certification and qualification. The goal of this work is to provide the aviation industry with the most up-to-date databases for the application of advanced composite materials incorporated into parametric models to eliminate redundancies in the current process. The work results include a correlated material database, an optimized model component library and a standardized way to design future complex composites structures, e.g. hat stiffened composites panels, with reliable and predictable quality and material weight/cost.

Guest edited by Drs. Donald Lalonde and Jin Bo Tang, this issue of Hand Clinics will cover several key areas of interest related to Global Advances in Wide Awake Hand Surgery. This issue is one of four selected each year by our series Editor-in-Chief, Dr. Kevin Chung of University of Michigan. Articles in this issue include, but are not limited to: The Canadian model for instituting wide awake hand surgery; Latest advances in wide awake hand surgery; Wide awake surgery as an opportunity to enhance clinical research; Wide awake secondary tendon reconstruction; WALANT in South America; Wide awake hand surgery at in South Korea; Wide awake tendon transfers in leprosy patients in India; WALANT hand surgery in military healthcare delivery; Wide awake wrist and small joint arthroscopy of the hand; and the Impact of WALANT on departmental settings, cost, patient satisfaction and beyond

This issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery, guest edited by Drs. Jin Bo Tang and Michel Saint-Cyr, is devoted to Microsurgery: Global Perspectives. Articles in this issue include: Digital Replantation: Current Status in the World; Exploring New Frontiers of Microsurgery: From Anatomy to Clinical Methods; Free Flaps, Toe Transfers and Microsurgery for Crush Injury in the Hand; Vascularised Bone Grafting for Scaphoid and Lunate Diseases; Vascularised Small Bone Grafting to Treat Scaphoid Non-Union: Outcomes; Compound or Specially Designed Flaps and Other Tissue Transfers in Upper and Lower Extremities; Special Considerations in Upper and Lower Extremity Pediatric Microsurgical Reconstruction; Microsurgical Tissue Transfer in Breast Reconstruction; Non-abdominal Based Free and Pedicle Flaps in Autologous Breast Reconstruction; Complex Microsurgical Reconstruction after Tumor Resection in the Trunk and Extremities; Keystone and Pedicle Perforator flaps in Sarcoma Reconstruction: New Modifications and Applications; Innovations and Future Directions in Head and Neck Microsurgical Reconstruction; New Frontiers in Robotic Assisted Microsurgical Reconstruction; and Current Methods to Deal with Vascular Crisis After Microsurgery: A Global View.