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Both Mao Zedong and Deng Xiaoping drastically altered the course of contemporary China's economic development using opposing strategies. Mao froze China's economic system in a perennial state of consumer goods shortages and pervasive macro disequilibria. Deng, however, began thawing a rigidly structured system by introducing experimental reform measures. Mao's revolutionary rhetoric brought China's economy to the brink of bankruptcy. Deng's ideological pragmatism netted China glowing successes. Mao closed China to the outside world. Deng engineered China's reintegration into the world economy. Dismantling a dysfunctional system and replacing it with a dynamic new one involving 1.2 billion people is risk-laden. Reform in China began in 1978. It was tentative and experimental, confining reform to organizational and administrative decentralization on farms. Successes on farms ushered in reform elsewhere in the economy. Over time, market-based coordinating mechanisms progressively began replacing the system's control devices. Results from decentralization internally reinforced those from liberalization externally. This consequently transformed China's stale, distorted system into a more competitive, bustling new one ready for developmental takeoff. Its meteoric rise among the world's leading markets in recent years has thrust China's economy to the forefront of growth and development. Controlled, phased reform is yielding dividends, not only for its own consumers but for international economic cooperation and growth as well.

The second edition of GUIDE TO PARALLEL OPERATING SYSTEMS WITH WINDOWS 7 AND LINUX continues its unique approach of examining two of the most prominent operating systems in parallel. Rather than using a compare and contrast model, each concept is first presented conceptually before demonstrating it simultaneously on both operating systems. Readers are able to instantly switch between Windows 7 and Linux Fedora 13 to complete the myriad of hands-on activities that reinforce the similarities between the two operating systems for each conceptual task. The virtualization approach used in the text provides complete flexibility and enables learners to use Microsoft Virtual PC 2007, Sun VirtualBox, or VMWare Workstation. This comprehensive guide will help readers develop the competencies they need in Windows 7 and Linux to maximize success in today's classroom as well as in the business environment. Important Notice: Media content referenced within the product description or the product text may not be available in the ebook version.

Synaptic plasticity, the cellular correlate for learning and memory, involves a number of molecules that reside in the dendritic spine. For example, long-term potentiation (LTP) of the excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) is induced by postsynaptic NMDA receptor and Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activity. Intrigued by recent findings that dendritic spines also harbor the metabotropic GABA B receptor for the major inhibitory transmitter GABA, as well as its downstream effector the G protein-activated inwardly rectifying K + (GIRK) channel, we wondered whether pairing glutamate release with postsynaptic depolarization would affect the slow inhibitory postsynaptic current (sIPSC) mediated by GABA B receptors and GIRK channels. Remarkably, we found that the same signaling pathway for inducing LTP of the EPSC also potentiated the sIPSC. Moreover, in mice lacking Nova-2, which is targeted in paraneoplastic opsoclonus myoclonus ataxia (POMA) patients and binds RNAs for synaptic proteins, the hippocampal CA1 neurons exhibited no LTP of slow synaptic inhibition.