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The second portion of the thesis devises a strategy to immobilize secondary and tertiary amines on GCES. To implement this strategy in achieving a high surface coverage, the correlation between the surface coverage of amines and surface oxides was studied. In addition, we explored on the feasibility of utilizing such a modification strategy to create reversed-phase architectures on the carbon materials. It was found that the wetting properties of modified GCE surfaces were dependent on the chain length of alkylamine. The resulting glassy carbon surfaces showed high hydrophobicity and excellent chemical stability in strong acid and strong base, demonstrating the viability of the alkylamine-modified carbons as a new class of reversed-phase materials for liquid chromatography.