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This study examines foreign R&D in Shanghai and reveals that Shanghai has become one of the most concentrated centers of foreign R&D in China. Through interviews of 18 foreign R&D facilities in Shanghai, the study confirms the findings from previous studies that the majority of foreign R&D in China is adaptive and tactical in nature to serve the Chinese market. However, strategic foreign R&D does exist and such establishments are engaged in projects not only for China's local markets, but also for the global market; they are not only involved in short-term product development, but also in long-term original research. Shanghai's concentration of foreign R&D is clearly contingent upon the convergence of forces at the national, regional and local scales: China's burgeoning market at the national scale, the concentration of manufacturing and foreign investments in the Yangtze River Delta at the regional scale, and Shanghai's eminent position in China's economic landscape and its attractiveness to quality labors at the local scale.

The United Nations Expert Mechanism on the Right to Developmentattended by young Ariel Foundation International Young Changemaker Ambassadors. Their views on the Right to Development.

This book deals with several aspects of waste material recycling. It is divided into three sections. The first section explains the roles of stakeholders, both informal and formal sectors, in post-consumer waste activities. It also discusses waste collection programs for recycling. The second section discusses the analysis tools for recycling system. The third section focuses on the recycling process and optimal production. I hope that this book will convey both the need and means for recycling and resource conservation activities to a wide readership, at both academician and professional level, and contribute to the creation of a sound material-cycle society.