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In a time of extraordinary fiscal and national security uncertainty, it seems naïve to assume that all, or even most, of a strategic leader¿s current assumptions will be just as relevant several years into the future. This monograph highlights the need for Army senior leaders, in the midst of change, to periodically question their deep-seated beliefs on critical issues¿and perhaps change their minds¿rather than relying solely on what they have long believed to be true.

In examining the role of security contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan, the author draws broad lessons from which he provides concrete recommendations to improve the conduct of further missions. Rather than do away with such contractors altogether, the author recommends limiting their roles, providing better oversight of their activities, and improving legal accountability for their wrong doing. This monograph will be of interest to soldiers, military leadership, military contractors, especially those that provide logistical support activities in conflict zones, and policymakers engaged in the difficult task of planning and conducting contingency operations. Related products: Counterinsurgency resources collection is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/catalog/security-defense-law-enforcement/counterinsurgency The Surge, 2007-2008 can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-029-00613-8?ctid=1158 Other products produced by the US Army War College, Strategic Studies Institute can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/1609

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The Clinton administration has proclaimed a strategy to engage and enlarge the democratic community of states. By virtue of their strategic location adjacent to Russia, the Middle East, and Europe s periphery, and their large-scale oil and natural gas deposits, Transcaucasia and Central Asia have become important testing grounds of this strategy. The U.S. goal of irrevocably integrating these states into the Western state system economically, politically, and militarily has made them an intensifying focus of international rivalry with Russia. Moscow still perceives these areas as part of its sphere of interest and deeply resents U.S. engagement there. Furthermore, Moscow's current war with the breakaway province of Chechnya demonstrates its willingness to contest expanding U.S. interests forcefully. Moreover, in this region many factors exist that could cause other conflicts. Accordingly, it is a sensitive place to test the strategic rationale of the engagement strategy and its military corollary, a strategy whose goal is to shape the emerging environment in directions that we wish to see. This monograph contributes to the debate that has just begun and which undoubtedly will last for a long time over what our strategy for the new states should be and how it should be carried out.

Military cyberspace operations have evolved significantly over the past 2 decades and are now emerging into the realm of military operations in the traditional domains of land, sea, and air. The goal of this monograph is to provide senior policymakers, decisionmakers, military leaders, and their respective staffs with a better understanding of Army cyberspace operations within the context of overall U.S. military cyberspace operations. It examines the development of such operations in three major sections. First, it looks at the evolution of Department of Defense cyberspace operations over the past decade to include the founding of U.S. Cyber Command from its roots in various military units focused on defensive and offensive cyberspace operations. Second, it examines the evolution of the Army implementation of cyberspace operations toward the initial establishment of Army Cyber Command as well as recent efforts to establish Fort Gordon, Georgia as the center of gravity for Army cyberspace activities. Third, it explores the role of cyberspace operations in the escalation of international conflict, focusing on the sufficiency of the current cyberspace force structure to address an international environment of multiple actors interacting with varying degrees of tension. Related products: Global Trends: Paradox of Progress can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/041-015-00329-1 Convergence: Illicit Networks and National Security in the Age of Globalization can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-020-01627-6 Global Trends 2030: Alternative Worlds is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/041-015-00287-2 Prospects for the Rule of Law in Cyberspace can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01222-9 Deterring Cybertrespass and Securing Cyberspace: Lessons From United States Border Control Strategies is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01220-2 NATO Cyberspace Capability: A Strategic and Operational Evolution can be found here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01191-5 Cyber Defense: An International View is available here: https://bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/008-000-01194-0