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This report provides historical background on the enactment of declarations of war and authorizations for the use of force and analyzes their legal effects under international and domestic law. It also sets forth their texts in two appendices. Because the statutes that confer standby authority on the President and the executive branch potentially play such a large role in an armed conflict to which the United States is a party, the report includes an extensive listing and summary of the statutes that are triggered by a declaration of war, a declaration of national emergency, and/or the existence of a state of war. The report concludes with a summary of the congressional procedures applicable to the enactment of a declaration of war or authorization for the use of force and to measures under War Powers Resolution.

Contents: (1) Conventional Arms Transfers to Developing Nations, 2001-2008: Intro. and Overview; (2) General Trends in Arms Transfers Worldwide; General Trends in Arms Transfers to Developing Nations: U.S.; Russia; China; Major West European Suppliers; Regional Arms Transfer Agreements: Near East; Asia; Leading Developing Nations Arms Purchasers; Weapons Types Recently Delivered to Near East Nations; (3) Arms Values Data Tables and Charts for 2001-08; (4) Selected Weapons Deliveries to Developing Nations, 2001-08; (5) Worldwide Arms Transfer Agreements and Deliveries Values, 2001-08; (6) Description of Items Counted in Weapons Categories, 2001-08; (7) Regions Identified in Arms Transfer. Charts and tables.

Based largely on primary sources in the Russian language, this succinct volume cover the following aspects of Soviet foreign policy: world outlook, personalities and structures of the decisionmaking process, implementation of objectives, and a discussion of practices toward geographic regions as well as specific countries.