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CETTE THESE EST CONSACREE A L'HISTOIRE URBAINE DE TRIPOLI, EN LIBYE ACTUELLE, DE LA FIN DU XVIIIS. AU DEBUT DU XXS. IL S'AGIT D'ETUDIER LES FORMES LOCALES DES POUVOIRS URBAINS. LA THESE A PU MONTRER L'EXISTENCE D'UNE INSTITUTION TRADITIONNELLE, LA MACHIKHA AL-BILAD, COMPOSEE D'UNE ASSEMBLEE DES NOTABLES, LA JAMA'A AL-BILAD, ET DIRIGEE PAR LE CHEIKH AL-BILAD. FIGURE CENTRALE DANS LA VIE DE LA CITE, LE CHEIKH AL-BILAD ETAIT LE DEPOSITAIRE DE CE QUI APPARAIT COMME UNE PREFIGURATION DE L'AUTORITE MUNICIPALE. IL AVAIT DE NOMBREUSES COMPETENCES URBAINES ET ETAIT AU COEUR DES AFFAIRES DE LA VILLE. DANS CETTE THESE, L'HISTOIRE URBAINE DE TRIPOLI EST ABORDEE SOUS L'ANGLE D'UNE ANALYSE DE L'EVOLUTION DE CES INSTITUTIONS DU POUVOIR LOCAL, A PARTIR SURTOUT D'UN CORPUS D'ARCHIVES EN ARABE ET DE L'ETUDE DE DIVERSES AUTRES SOURCES, PAR EXEMPLE DE CHRONIQUES EN ARABE. IL A AINSI ETE POSSIBLE DE MONTRER L'IMPORTANCE DE CES INSTITUTIONS, PUIS D'ANALYSER LEUR DEVENIR AU COURS DE LA PERIODE DES REFORMES MUNICIPALES OTTOMANES DES ANNEES 1860 ET 1870. L'ETUDE DES INSTITUTIONS LOCALES TRADITIONNELLES DANS UNE VILLE QUI ECHAPPE PLUS LONGTEMPS QUE D'AUTRES TANT A LA TUTELLE DU POUVOIR CENTRAL OTTOMAN QU'AL'EMPRISE DES PUISSANCES COLONIALES ET IMPERIALISTES A AINSI PERMIS DE REFLECHIR A LA CONFRONTATION DE LA VILLE ARABE A LA MODERNITE ET DE MONTRER QUE CETTE MODERNITE NE PASSE PAS FORCEMENT PAR DES RELAIS OTTOMANS OU EUROPEENS, MAIS PEUT EMANER DE LA SOCIETE LOCALE ELLE-MEME. AUTOUR DU THEME DE LA MUNICIPALITE, DE SES RACINES LOCALES ET DES DYNAMIQUES QUI ONT SUSCITE SON EVOLUTION, LES PROBLEMATIQUES DE LA MODERNITE ET DE LA MODERNISATION SONT DONC ETUDIEES DANS LE BUT DE COMPRENDRE COMMENT L'ELITE LOCALE, LES POUVOIRS DANS LESQUELS ELLE S'INCARNE ET LES DIFFERENTS POUVOIRS EXTERIEURS SE SONT CONFRONTES. IL EN RESSORT UNE VISION DE LA VILLE ARABE QUI MONTRE LA GRANDE CONTINUITE ENTRE DES POUVOIRS LOCAUX EN COURS DE MODERNISATION ET UNE MUNICIPALITE MODERNE IMPOSEE DE L'EXTERIEUR.

Beloved #1 New York Times bestselling author Nora Roberts is back with three more classic novels in her cherished Stanislaski family saga. TAMING NATASHA Natasha Stanislaski left her youthful indiscretions far behind when she settled for a quiet life running a successful toy store in rural West Virginia. But then brash Spence Kimball and his adorable little girl joined forces to nudge their way into her shop…and her closely guarded heart. Sensing that a hidden wound was behind Natasha's steely defenses, Spence aimed to draw out the gentler side he knew was beneath the surface. Slowly her pain gave way to passion. But when he vowed to love her always, she pulled away once more. What would it take to tame her fears once and for all? LURING A LADY Nothing in Sydney Hayward's background of wealth and privilege had prepared her to take the helm of her family's corporation. Her overflowing new responsibilities left no room for complications—and Mikhail Stanislaski was definitely a complication. Sydney had learned the hard way that she could never love anyone—least of all, this masculine stranger who came from a world so different from her own. Still, the way she felt when he put his hands on her made her doubt her resolve to remain alone. This gifted man seemed to have a rare talent for luring even a reluctant lady into his arms…. FALLING FOR RACHEL Landlocked in Manhattan, rugged seaman Zack Muldoon needed a tough, no-nonsense lawyer to save his kid brother's delinquent hide. Public defender Rachel Stanislaski was not what he had in mind—until he discovered there was a lot more to the beautiful, coolheaded attorney than met the eye…and found himself falling for her, hook, line and sinker.

#1 New York Times bestselling author Nora Roberts presents five unforgettable novels that combine mystery and suspense with passionate romance in this Night Tales collection. NIGHT SHIFT When Detective Boyd Fletcher is assigned to protect radio DJ Cilla O’Roarke, he is surprised by the intense attraction he feels for his beautiful, stoic charge. NIGHT SHADOW When prosecutor Deborah O'Roarke is rescued by a masked vigilante known as Nemesis, the desire she feels for the mysterious crime fighter makes her question her stance on right and wrong. NIGHTSHADE When professional troubleshooter Colt Nightshade teams up with buttoned-up Lieutenant Althea Grayson to find a missing girl, he discovers that getting through his sultry partner’s icy exterior is an irresistible challenge. NIGHT SMOKE After someone torches her warehouse, executive Natalie Fletcher needs help from arson investigator Ryan Piasecki—and the buildings aren’t the only things caught in the blaze. NIGHT SHIELD Undercover cop Ally Fletcher knows that Jonah Blackhawk is bad news, which is why she’s determined not to fall for his charms while working at his nightclub.

#1 New York Times bestselling author Nora Roberts presents a collection including all three novels in her Irish Born Trilogy—featuring three modern sisters bound by the timeless beauty of Ireland. BORN IN FIRE The eldest Concannon sister, Maggie is a reclusive, stubborn, and free-spirited glassmaker—with a heart worth winning... BORN IN ICE A lover of hearth and home, Brianna Concannon is a practical and nurturing innkeeper—whose heart is an open door... BORN IN SHAME Though an American, Shannon Bodine is about to find her roots—and lose her heart—in Ireland...

Temporary sheriff Victoria Ashton meets her match in pushy movie director Phillip Kincaid. Once Kincaid fixes his mind on something he sets about getting it. And as soon as he stops in Friendly, New Mexico, he knows the town is perfect for his new film. Sadly he discovers this behind bars. Arrested for speeding, the sexy out-of-towner can handle a little tussle with the law especially as the no-nonsense sheriff looks pretty good to him.

#1 New York Times bestselling author Nora Roberts presents a captivating novel set in the world of television talk shows that reveals the ambitious dreams of a savvy young woman—and the dark obsessions that threaten all she’s worked for. Deanna Reynolds had it all planned: She’d start out in the newsroom of a small Chicago station, then move up to host her own talk show. When her mentor Angela Perkins leaves for New York, Deanna risks everything for the chance to replace Angela on the air. The network’s sexiest journalist, Finn Riley, admires Deanna’s daring ambition. But soon they are caught up in the bitter backlash of Angela’s revenge—and they must unmask the hidden betrayals of Deanna’s fiercest rival by taking the biggest risk of all....

From #1 New York Times bestselling author Nora Roberts, meet Rafe MacKade of the rebellious and irresistible MacKade brothers! Ten years after disappearing from Antietam, Maryland, the bad boy has come home. Cleaned up, successful and still dangerously good-looking, Rafe MacKade plans to open a bed-and-breakfast with the help of antique shop owner Regan Bishop. Though independent Regan claims to not want to get involved with a rebel, working in such close quarters has her struggling to resist Rafe’s charms. And even though she wants to keep their relationship professional, Rafe is pretty sure that her reaction to their sizzling kisses suggests otherwise… Previously published.