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As a major growth factor of T-cells, interleukin-2 (IL-2) promotes, among other biological effects, cell proliferation and anti-apoptosis. These biological consequences are thought to occur via IL-2 activation of signal transduction pathways, such as the Ras/ERK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT pathways, which transmit signals from the IL-2R to the nucleus, resulting in gene expression. Under normal circumstances, these pathways work to promote T-cell clonal expansion, which is critical to the successful mounting of an immune response. However, infection of T-cells by human T-cell leukemia, type I (HTLV-1) can lead to constitutive activation of these signaling cascades, and, ultimately, IL-2-independent T-cell growth. Much of the effects of HTLV-1 have been attributed to a viral oncoprotein called Tax, which affects cellular and viral transcriptional regulation, cell cycle control, DNA repair, and apoptosis. The work presented in this dissertation was aimed at investigating the signaling pathways activated by IL-2 in primary human T-cells and Tax-immortalized human T-cells. IL-2-induced gene expression, and its regulation by the transcription factor STAT5, was also studied in both cell types. The data demonstrate that IL-2 activates the Ras/ERK, PI3K, and JAK/STAT pathways in primary human T-cells to promote cell proliferation, and that significant crosstalk exists between them in the form of PI3K 2!MEK/ERK 2!STAT3. Interestingly, IL-2 activation of all these pathways was not observed in Tax-immortalized cells as only STAT5 activation was detected. A systematic computational approach that coupled microarray analysis to transcription factor binding site prediction was subsequently performed to evaluate STAT5-regulated gene expression in response to IL-2 stimulation in both cell types. Primary human T-cells exhibited numerous genes modulated by the growth factor, of which several were predicted to be regulated by STAT5 due to possession of a putative STAT5 binding site. Many genes were also found to be regulated by IL-2 in Tax-immortalized cells. Interestingly, several of them, including the cytokines il-5, il-9, and il-13, were unique to these cells and discovered to be STAT5 targets. Taken together, the results presented here provide an increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms induced by IL-2 stimulation in primary human T-cells and Tax-immortalized cells, as well as demonstrate how bioinformatics provides valuable tools for scientific discovery.

This book will support teachers, counselors, and administrators in creating a culturally relevant, school-wide, college-going culture to improve educational experiences and outcomes for Black and Latina/o youth. The authors present the perspectives and experiences of 25 students, focusing on the complexities of their daily lives and illuminating some of the significant influences that have supported or hindered their college readiness and access. They situate issues of college access in a national context, provide insight into who and what influences youths college-going processes, and engage readers in critical analysis to create culturally relevant policies and practices within their own school contexts.

El cambio climático, impulsado por la actividad humana desde la Revolución Industrial, representa el mayor desafío de nuestra era, transformando ecosistemas y sociedades en todo el mundo. Este libro, desarrollado en el marco del Proyecto COIL de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso (PUCV), reúne trabajos interdisciplinarios de estudiantes que analizan las causas, impactos y posibles soluciones, fomentando el intercambio educativo internacional como herramienta para la acción climática. Fruto de la colaboración entre la PUCV y la Universidad de Derby, esta obra reflexiona sobre alternativas como la economía circular, estrategias de mitigación y críticas a políticas que perpetúan la crisis ambiental. Más que un ejercicio académico, es una invitación a comprometerse con un futuro sostenible y demuestra cómo el conocimiento compartido puede inspirar soluciones globales.

A Practical Guide for Special Education Professionals is a resource guidebook, the purpose of which is to provide practical information and suggestions to help the special education teacher survive and eventually succeed in the school and classroom setting. This book is written to be used as a quick reference. Thus, the chapters are presented in a brief, user-friendly format. The guidebook''s content presents an overview of the major elements in special education: The Individualized Education Program (IEP), Classroom and Individual Behavior Management, Assessment for Instruction, Supervision of Paraprofessionals, Instructional Planning and Strategies, Collaborative Consultation, Home-School Partnerships, and Stress Reduction Strategies and Time Management Techniques. Each chapter prepares the teacher to work effectively in special education by supplying strategies and practical tips for working directly with pupils and other adults in the educational setting. Features: Guidebook''s content presents an overview or "big picture" of the major elements in the field of special education. Selected topics are essential for teacher survival and readily applicable to the classroom setting. Gives a quick, user friendly reference and overview for teaching students with special needs as well as for working successfully with adults. One chapter does not rely on information contained in a previous chapter. Allows teachers to access chapter materials in on an individualized as- needed-basis. Beginning special education teachers "need it all" and the sooner the better. The organization of the book permits teachers to quickly reference chapter contents and obtain practical information and resources to assist their daily activities. Teaching Tips, Forms, Charts, and Tables that summarize and underscore information for the reader. Enables teachers to easily find solutions to the problems encountered in their work, including working with students, parents, other teachers, administrators, paraprofessionals. The authors consider the IEP the "heart of special education." The chapter on IEP Legal and Pragmatic Issues provides up to date information and practical suggestions and forms to guide the special education teacher to successfully participate in this process and complete the required paperwork. This chapter takes the teacher step by step through the IEP meeting process and assists in understanding Present Levels of Performance (PLEP) , Response to Intervention RtI), and Writing, Monitoring, and Reporting IEP Goals. Gives clear, concise information on the IEP process and document and "demystifies" the IEP. Provides professors with useful tools for instruction on the IEP. Two features that emphasize reflection are "Take A Moment" and "Explorations." Both provide focused questions and structured activities to promote self-reflection and application of the chapters'' content. Provides teachers with an understanding of their roles and responsibilities as a special educator by reflecting on content through focused questions and applicable activities. Chapter on stress reduction strategies and time management techniques addresses the "overwhelmed" feeling that most special educators experience as they enter the profession. Provides tips and strategies for improving multitasking skills. Technology tools and resources are featured in the book. Assisted Technology, Universal Design, Grading Websites, and Web Site Resources are described.

★TEDx演講「100 days without fear」破45萬人次觀看 ★美國亞馬遜網路書店4.9顆星近滿分好評 ★美國goodreads 近4.7顆星好評 你和夢想的距離，只隔了一層恐懼！ 如果你曾被《脆弱的力量》所鼓舞，那你絕對會愛上這本書。 100天╳100種恐懼，讓他從愛說「不用了，謝謝」， 蛻變成面對挑戰時先說「讓我試試看」，甚至激勵全世界的人！ 如果你── 受夠了原地踏步的狀態；太習慣say no，最後只能與機會擦身而過； 不知道自己到底要什麼；提到改變就渾身發抖…… 別怕！這本書將帶你認識自己、找出定位、克服成見、面對恐懼， 陪你跨出第一步，幫助你累積勇氣，成為理想中的自己！ 曾經，對蜜雪兒．波勒來說，人生中最不缺的就是「恐懼」。 無論是跟狗狗玩、穿耳洞、吃生蠔、去露營或一個人旅行，都會讓她害怕到不行；至於那些從未體驗過的事情？她一律拒絕！ 直到某一天，她品牌設計碩士班的教授出了一項作業，她才恍然大悟──因為恐懼，她從來沒有好好活過。 為了挪開夢想路上的絆腳石，她下定決心實踐「百日無懼計畫」，在100天直球對決100種恐懼，並將過程公開在YouTube與全世界分享，這項計畫很快就在網路上瘋傳，不僅讓她爭取到TEDx演講機會，甚至徹底改變她的人生。 這本書正是這項計畫的攻略手冊，蜜雪兒不僅用幽默真誠的文字，分享自己的心路歷程，更將她的經驗去蕪存菁，變成超實用的方法，讓你能夠： l 有意識地為自己而活 l 全面檢視自己的需求 l 學會為自己挺身而出 l 正面積極地影響別人 l 展現自我與處理負評 l 從失敗與挫折走出來 l 突破自我成長停滯期 l 把逆境當作成長機會 l 不再讓自己搞砸成功 l 勇於做最真實的自己 機會不只是留給準備好的人，更屬於放膽去試試看的人。 今天，為自己勇敢一次吧！ 【本書特色】 ◎ 超有共鳴：書中分享的每則故事都像你我身旁的事。 ◎ 手把手實作指南：有別於空喊口號的雞湯文，書中每章皆有實際方法與練習，循序漸進幫助你更了解自己，最終把生活過成喜歡的樣子。 ◎ 直擊弱點也沒問題：除了按篇章順序閱讀，也可以直接從困擾你的部分開始讀起。 ◎ 終生都能派上用場：跟著本書實踐，但感覺自己又在原地打轉時，隨時都能翻開這本書，讓作者蜜雪兒與曾經努力的自己再次激起你的決心。 【讀者真心推薦】 「蜜雪兒傳達的訊息是，若想打造深刻難忘的充實人生，懷抱熱情面對讓我們不安的恐懼是不可或缺的，這樣我們才能擁抱人生難以預期的本質所帶來的機遇。倘若你樂於保持現狀，切勿閱讀本書。」──克絲汀．安德森（Kirsten Anderson），頭號玩家 「這是一本任何想要過圓滿人生的讀者必看之作。」──雅瑤．楚許（Yael Trusch），生活部落格猶太拉丁公主（Jewish Latin princess）創辦人 「你得讓本書衝撞你的生活，一如它影響我的生活。」──安德娜．布內蒂（Andreina Brunetti），因緣際會愛好者 「你想要從這一生中得到什麼？答案可能令人害怕，也不一定總能隨心所欲，但蜜雪兒會讓你看見，這一切都很值得。」──泰拉．薇吉絲（Tera Wages），領帶族 「蜜雪兒讓我們親眼見證，一個相信自己的女孩子能發揮多大能耐。」──維吉妮雅．荷瑞拉（Virginia Herrera），幸福的媽媽 【各界好評不斷】 「這本強大又實用的指南，將讓你擊垮自我懷疑並解放心中那位勇敢的夢想家。」──約翰．雅各（John Jacobs），服飾品牌「人生真美好」（Life is good）共同創辦人 「這是一本鼓勵勇敢生活的關鍵指南。」──琵耶拉．葛拉蒂（Piera Grlardi），女性時尚媒體Refinery29共同創辦人 「本書就是你粉碎自己的舒適圈，並將無限潛能發揮得淋漓盡致的祕密武器。」──安迪．J．比薩（Andy J. Pizza），Podcast節目《創意信心喊話》（Creative Pep Talk）主持人 「蜜雪兒透過她的幽默與脆弱，向我們展現了將目光放在最好的結果，並成為最真實的自己時，會發生什麼事！」──潔西卡．沃爾許（Jessica Walsh），平面設計商「&華許」（&Walsh）創辦人兼創意總監

Neste livro inspirador e motivador, Michelle Poler, fundadora do movimento social E aí, Medo?, desafia você a dizer para seus medos E aí? e encontrar a verdadeira felicidade fora do conceito tradicional de sucesso, vivendo com coragem e explorando todo o seu potencial. Com ousadia e uma pitada de humor, Michelle relata em detalhes cada obstáculo que encontrou em sua alegre jornada em busca de um propósito. Suas histórias e estratégias nos incentivam a identificar, aceitar e abraçar o que nos impede de prosseguir para que nos tornemos o herói, não a vítima, da nossa própria vida. E aí, Medo? é um guia honesto e enriquecedor que nos ensina a conviver com nossos fantasmas. Por trás do medo, está o que mais importa para nós; por isso, cada desafio é uma nova oportunidade de crescer, avançar e assumir quem você realmente é.

Beginning as a grassroots organizer in the 1950s, Vicente Ximenes was at the forefront of the movement for Mexican American civil rights through three presidential administrations, joining Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society and later emerging as one of the highest-ranking appointees in Johnson’s administration. Ximenes succeeded largely because he could adapt his rhetoric for different audiences in his speeches and writings. Michelle Hall Kells elucidates Ximenes’s achievements through a rhetorical history of his career as an activist. Kells draws on Ximenes’s extensive archive of speeches, reports, articles, and oral interviews to present the activist’s rhetorical history. After a discussion of Ximenes’s early life, the author focuses on his career as an activist, examining Ximenes’s leadership in several key civil rights events, including the historic 1967 White House Cabinet Committee Hearings on Mexican American Affairs. Also highlighted is his role in advancing Mexican Americans and Latinos from social marginalization to greater representation in national politics. This book shows us a remarkable man who dedicated the majority of his life to public service, using rhetoric to mobilize activists for change to secure civil rights advances for his fellow Mexican Americans.

Conditional cash transfer programs (CCTs)—cash grants to poor families that are conditional on their participation in education, health, and nutrition services—have become a vital part of poverty reduction strategies in many countries, particularly in Latin America. In Conditional Cash Transfers in Latin America, the contributors analyze and synthesize evidence from case studies of CCTs in Brazil, Honduras, Mexico, and Nicaragua. The studies examine many aspects of CCTs, including the trends in development and political economy that fostered interest in them; their costs; their impacts on education, health, nutrition, and food consumption; and how CCT programs affect social relations shaped by gender, culture, and community. Throughout, the authors identify the strengths and weaknesses of CCTs and offer guidelines to those who design them.