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Jewish immigration to Costa Rica began in 1931 and continued until 1950. Altogether, not more than 600 Jews entered the country. Most of them fled from Poland to escape persecution, while others arrived as refugees after World War II. Ch. 3 (pp. 139-188), "Aspectos sociales politicos y económicos del antisemitismo en Costa Rica (1900-1960)", by Lowell Gudmundson, relates that between 1933-52 the Jews in Costa Rica, most of them peddlers, were the victims of four antisemitic campaigns carried out by Costa Rican businessmen. Supported by some newspapers and politicians, they accused the Jews of unfair competition through peddling, of not respecting the immigration laws of the country, and of communism. They demanded restrictions on immigration and new regulations for peddling. Their campaigns resulted in some changes in regulations and the levying of higher immigration taxes. However, due to the small number of Jews in the country, their progressive assimilation into the Costa Rican business class, and the end of Jewish immigration in the 1950s, the antisemitic campaigns died out and did not recur.