The Essence of Meaningful Recognition and Its' Relationship to Burnout Among Nurses
Nurses strive to provide safe quality care to the patients they serve. Their extraordinary knowledge, skills, and compassion are second to none however, personal and worklife challenges contribute to feelings of burnout. Burnout, displayed in the form of emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and depersonalization, impacts nurses, organizations, and the provision of safe, quality care. Literature suggests that between 30-50% of nurses experience burnout (Zwickel et al., 2016), however, a recent study by Guixia and Hui (2020b) reports that during the COVID-19 pandemic as many as 81% of nurses experienced burnout. Despite substantial research on the prevalence and causes of burnout, research on ways to mitigate burnout are limited. Literature supports recognition as a way to increase employee satisfaction, engagement, and performance, while reducing burnout (Maslach, & Leiter, 2017), however there is a lack of understanding of "meaningful recognition". Lack of meaningful reward and recognition contributes to nursing burnout and impacts the nurses' ability to provide safe, quality care. Of consideration is the concept of recognition and what nurses consider "meaningful". Based on proof-of-concept evidence that for recognition to positively impact the recipient, recognition must be meaningful to the end recipient. The aim of this phenomenological study was to describe the lived experience of nurses as recipients of meaningful recognition and its relationship to burnout. A better understanding of how nurses experience burnout and perceive meaningful recognition adds to the current knowledge and will guide the development of effectual interventions to mitigate burnout. Twenty nurses completed a demographic questionnaire, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey (MBI-HSS-MP) to measure burnout, and the Areas of Worklife Scale (AWS) Survey which measured job-person fit. The twenty participants were then interviewed using a semi-structured interview format, and analysis was completed using Colaizzi's method of phenomenological analysis. Three overarching themes emerged from the narratives. The first theme, The Harsh Realities of Burnout, uncovered the participants lived experiences with burnout, including the impact on their health, home life, and work life. Participants shared their experiences with mental and physical health problems, impacted relationships, and changes in their behaviors at work due to burnout. The second overarching theme, Recognition is Not the Same for Everyone, explored the participants experiences with and perceptions of recognition in the workplace, highlighting that perceptions of recognition vary greatly among nurses. Additionally, participants described in detail what meaningful recognition is. Finally, the third overarching theme, Meaningful Recognition to Reduce Burnout, examined participants views on how implementing meaningful recognition could reduce burnout. Participants overall felt that receiving more meaningful recognition would help them to feel more valued and appreciated which could reduce burnout. The findings and analysis of this study led to the development of a new definition of meaningful recognition; meaningful recognition is the personal, specific, and intentional acknowledgment of one's hard work or accomplishments in a way that is meaningful to the recipient. Future Research is needed to examine the organizations' role in preventing and alleviating burnout among their nurses. This study suggests the need for research to identify specific interventions organizations should employ to prevent or alleviate burnout, including ways to provide meaningful recognition that are feasible for units, hospitals, and organizations to institute and maintain. Finally, research on how meaningful recognition impacts burnout, turnover, patient outcomes, in addition to work relationships, workflow/productivity, and patient outcomes.