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What this book intends to do is to study three-dimensionalism (the distinction values-norms-facts) not in what could be called its historical dimension, but in its substantive aspect, as a “form” that, when applied to different legal themes, would add a “material content” to the three-dimensional theory. We can point out, as a study plan, the distinction between “three” perspectives: Those of the legal norm, of the legal order, and the legal relationship. Three-dimensionalism also appears in this work when one analyzes the “three” phases of the life of the law: The formation, the interpretation, and the application; and in the distinction between the “three” characteristics of the legal order: Fullness, coherence, and unity—the theory of legal validity, intended as legitimacy, as validity strictly speaking, or as effectiveness.

During the last decades, our society is witnessing an authentic revolution that, in a dizzying manner has deeply influenced, modified, and transformed the way of life of human beings. This constant and unstoppable revolution is transmuting all areas of our life: social, cultural, personal, labor, economic, training, etc. This new society is characterized by a high generation of knowledge and the constant and fluid processing of information. In this macro-context, the MOOC phenomenon emerged. MOOC (Massive Open Online Courses) courses are based on the principles of massive, free access to all materials and resources offered online. This new didactic path can be constituted in an innovative techno-social tendency, especially oriented in the panorama of Higher Education to stimulate university improvement, open opportunities at the same time for education and training or, simply, derive towards a new business model for the universities. In addition to being an entry point for the popularization of science and knowledge, the future possibilities are enormous and are being studied in all their various dimensions. Many initiatives as a result have been developed to implement this new form of education. MOOC Courses and the Future of Higher Education presents the latest research theories and current examples of MOOC courses practices in Higher Education. The chapters represent an extensive assortment of interpretations and practices examples of MOOC courses, across areas as varied as teaching methodologies, instructional innovations, educational technology, etc. This work is structured in three sections, the first one covers the university institution in the knowledge society, the second analyzes the MOOC training proposals, and the third discusses the future role of MOOCs. Technical topics discussed in the book include: The Virtualization of Teaching in Higher EducationTraining and Professional Development at the e-UniversityTaxonomy of MOOCsMOOC: Strengths and WeaknessesMOOCs and the Scientific Community: Challenges and InnovationMOOC PlatformsDirectory of MOOC ResourcesMOOC: Reflections of the Future

This book explores the attitudes of the Spanish army officer corps towards the evolution of warfare during the early decades of the twentieth century, and their influence on the armies of the Spanish Civil War. It examines how the Spanish military coped with technological innovations such as the machine gun and the tank, how it adapted the army ́s battlefield doctrine to changes in warfare before the Civil War, and the influence of this doctrine on the outcome of the conflict. Of the different armed forces that fought in the Spanish Civil War, it is paradoxically the Spanish army that remains most forgotten - especially its military doctrine. Scholarship on the Spanish military in this period focuses on its politics, ideology and institutional reforms, touching upon 'hard' professional issues only superficially, if at all. Based on original research and using largely unstudied Spanish primary sources, this book fills a major scholarly gap in the history of the Spanish army and the Spanish Civil War.

The political and social impact that Albert A. Peña Jr. had on the lives of Mexican Americans, and later Chicanos, is by all counts immeasurable. However, in part because Chicano biography has traditionally been a neglected research area among academics generally and Chicano Studies scholars specifically, his life’s work has not featured prominently in any biographical work to date, making this volume the first of its kind. It provides a richly detailed documentation of Peña’s life and career, from blue collar worker to judge and essay writer, spanning nearly ninety years. Readers will find that at the heart of his story is a focus on grassroots organizing and politics, sharing leadership, and a commitment to social justice.

En los últimos años, entre la opinión pública se ha extendido la idea de que es necesario poner freno a muchas tradiciones y prácticas que implican el sufrimiento animal. Estas reivindicaciones en ocasiones se han hecho demandando un aumento de la regulación y, en otras, defendiendo la abolición de la relación entre los animales humanos y no humanos porque los primeros siempre explotan a los segundos. El término «derechos de los animales» ha comenzado a utilizarse en el discurso social y político, siendo muchas veces discutido por parte de los juristas que entienden que sin agencia y subjetividad moral difícilmente alguien puede ser titular de derechos, sino más bien receptor de determinados deberes. En otros casos, los que han utilizado la expresión derechos de los animales se referían a derechos morales y no a derechos jurídicos, faltando un análisis legal detallado acerca de cómo plasmar esas reivindicaciones morales en normas jurídicas efectivas.El presente volumen pretende colmar en parte esa laguna. Por un lado, se defiende que los animales son miembros de la comunidad moral en tanto que están dotados tanto de moral como estructura como de moral como contenido y son capaces de aprender y obedecer (y desobedecer) determinadas reglas. A partir de ahí, se entiende que son las comunidades políticas las que reconocen derechos jurídicos a sus miembros y, en este sentido, no todos los animales pertenecen a las mismas comunidades políticas, como Sue Donaldson y Will Kymlicka explicaron con detalle en Zoopolis (2011). Este libro repasa los derechos de ciudadanía que tendrían que tener reconocidos los animales que forman parte de nuestras comunidades políticas, derechos que no solo son de libertad, sino que alcanzan también a los derechos sociales y los derechos políticos, analizando cuestiones como la ganadería industrial, la alimentación o el uso de pieles. Tomarse en serio los derechos de los animales significa otorgarles la condición de ciudadanos con iguales derechos que los que los ciudadanos humanos ya disfrutamos.

This volume seeks to disentangle the limits and possibilities of the tradition of civil disobedience: in what circumstances is it right, or perhaps necessary, to say "no"? The jurisprudential and philosophical literature discussed here is truly enormous and provides a complex and reliable overview of the main problems.

'Democratization' is a concept often used in academic book titles, yet not many of them deal with the initial breakthrough of democratization. This research companion applies a comparative approach to analyzing debates in a number of countries. It discusses the politics, concepts and histories involved in European democratization as a complex of changes that has altered the conditions of political action and debate in the continent for the past two centuries.

This book present the state of the art in Total Productive Maintainance (TPM) and its benefits. The authors present a survey applied to 368 manufacturing industries in order to determine their level of execution of TPM. Then a series of causal models are presented. For each model, the authors present a measure of the dependency between the critical success factors and the benefits obtained, allowing industry managers to differentiate between essential and non-essential activities. The content also allows students and academics to obtain a theoretical and empirical basis on the importance of TPM as a lean manufacturing tool in the context of industry 4.0.