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Tiivistelmä.

Information from longitudinal surveys transforms snapshots of a given moment into something with a time dimension. It illuminates patterns of events within an individual's life and records mobility and immobility between older and younger generations. It can track the different pathways of men and women and people of diverse socio-economic background through the life course. It can join up data on aspects of a person's life, health, education, family, and employment and show how these domains affect one another. It is ideal for bridging the different silos of policies that affect people's lives.

"This paper examines the economic rationale for concern about the falling rate of growth of Europe's population. It also assembles demographic and economic time-series data for the countries of Eastern and Western Europe during the postwar period. The consequences of demographic developments for social welfare, broadly defined, are felt over a very long term. Issues discussed include the contribution of increases in life expectancy to social welfare; the potential effects of population growth on technical progress; and the impacts of changing age structure on intergenerational transfers and the financing of state pensions. The analysis suggests that, while the slowdown in European population growth raises some potential problems, there is no compelling case for pro-natalist policies." -- title page verso.

Research paper on the labour force participation of woman workers in the UK in 1980 - based on a sample of 5000 women, examines effect of dependent children on women's career patterns, career development, search for part time employment, etc.; assesses impact of work interruptions on their employment status and wages; analyses other factors reducing participation, incl. Low earning power and alternative income generating activities. Graphs and statistical tables.

Using data tracking all those born in a single week in Great Britain in 1958 through to their mid-50s we observe an inverse U-shaped gender wage gap (GWG) over their life-course: an initial gap in early adulthood widened substantially during childrearing years, affecting earnings in full-time and part-time jobs. In our descriptive approach, education related differences are minor. Gender differences in work experience are the biggest contributor to that part of the gender wage gap we can explain in our models. Family formation primarily affects the GWG through its impact on work experience. Family composition is similar for male and female workers but attracts opposite wage premia. Not all of the GWG however is linked to family formation. There was a sizeable GWG on labour market entry and there are some otherwise unexplained gaps between the pay of men and women who do not become parents.