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This book discusses the plagiarism-free academic writing in higher education. It demonstrates how to orchestrate an understanding-oriented pedagogy (including the teaching of plagiarism and source use) in order to facilitate plagiarism-free academic writing among undergraduates by revealing studies in China. This book emphasizes that plagiarism is a mere symptom of educational problems and plagiarism urgently needs education-based solutions instead of punish solutions. It highlights that students' meaningful understandings of plagiarism and source use should be identified as the main learning objectives of plagiarism instruction, as well as features the adoption of plagiarism instruction in academic writing practices in subject courses. It also focuses on the potentials of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in scaffolding learning and teaching under plagiarism pedagogy beyond merely detecting plagiarism. This book also contributes to the discussion about the validity of current plagiarism assessment scales by providing evidences to challenge them and proposing a new one. This book is of great benefits for readers to increase knowledge and promote positive attitudes toward plagiarism and plagiarism instruction. It adds to our knowledge of how plagiarism in higher education can be effectively prevented by adopting an understanding-oriented pedagogy. It also adds to our knowledge of how Chinese undergraduates and their instructors view plagiarism and cope with plagiarism in discipline-based courses, which provides robust evidence for the academic debate about whether culture has effects on students’ plagiarism in academic writing. Finally, it provides insights about the relationship among plagiarism, pedagogy, and technology.

Utilizing a governmentality lens, this timely book offers an explanation for China’s decarbonization performance in the early 21st century. Le-Yin Zhang investigates one of the most ambitious governing projects in history, analyzing the political rationalities of Chinese leaders for decarbonization and the governing techniques and technologies at multiple levels of governance.

This book is ideal for anyone who aims to obtain an overview of the current status of Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) development. It helps identify the key FRBR issues that need to be addressed and investigates the future directions of FRBR development. Implementing FRBR in Libraries: Key Issues and Future Directions is the first book to address the theory and implementation of FRBR in a unified discussion. Authors Yin Zhang and Athena Salaba, winners of the 2009 ALISE/Bohdan S. Wynar Research Paper Competition Award," give readers a clear framework for understanding FRBR's current and potential implications on library catalogs. They provide a thorough introduction to the history of FRBR and its possible benefits, a detailed description of the FRBR model and its components, and a discussion of its practical influence in transforming description standards, cataloging and metadata practices. The book includes examples of how professionals are successfully applying FRBR in real-life library settings, and explores various methods for effectively implementing the FRBR model. Each chapter includes illustrations to help reinforce fundamental concepts. The book contains a comprehensive appendix of key terms and acronyms to aid readers new to the field and a list of projects and software to showcase practical FRBR applications. Library catalogers, indexers, metadata creators, reference librarians, researchers, and LIS educators and students who need to know, or know more about, FRBR will find this refreshingly straightforward book invaluable.

This SpringerBrief introduces key techniques for 5G wireless networks. The authors cover the development of wireless networks that led to 5G, and how 5G mobile communication technology (5G) can no longer be defined by a single business model or a typical technical characteristic. The discussed networks functions and services include Network Foundation Virtualization (N-FV), Cloud Radio Access Networks (Cloud-RAN), and Mobile Cloud Networking (MCN). The benefits of cloud platforms are examined, as are definable networking and green wireless networking. Other related and representative projects on 5G are mobile and wireless communications enablers for the Twenty-Twenty Information Society, Multi-hop Cellular Networks, Network Function as-a-Service over Virtualized Infrastructures, iJOIN, and Nuage Virtualized Services Platform. Major applications of 5G range from RAN sharing and Multi-Operator Core Networks to mobile convergence. Enhancing the user experience by providing smart and customized services, 5G will support the explosive growth of big data, mobile internet, digital media, and system efficiency. This SpringerBrief is designed for professionals, researchers, and academics working in networks or system applications. Advanced-level students of computer science or computer engineering will also find the content valuable.

This Springer Brief provides a comprehensive overview of the background and recent developments of big data. The value chain of big data is divided into four phases: data generation, data acquisition, data storage and data analysis. For each phase, the book introduces the general background, discusses technical challenges and reviews the latest advances. Technologies under discussion include cloud computing, Internet of Things, data centers, Hadoop and more. The authors also explore several representative applications of big data such as enterprise management, online social networks, healthcare and medical applications, collective intelligence and smart grids. This book concludes with a thoughtful discussion of possible research directions and development trends in the field. Big Data: Related Technologies, Challenges and Future Prospects is a concise yet thorough examination of this exciting area. It is designed for researchers and professionals interested in big data or related research. Advanced-level students in computer science and electrical engineering will also find this book useful.

This work is incorporated within the framework of the chemistry of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (NHCs) and aims at functionalizing the skeleton of imidazol-2-ylidenes by attachment of one or two amino groups. Two new NHC classes were first obtained by this strategy, namely the 4-(dimethylamino)imidazol-2-ylidene IArNMe2 and the 4,5-bis(dimethylamino)imidazol-2-ylidene IAr(NMe2)2. The synthesis of the precursors of these NHCs, the 4-(dimethylamino)imidazolium triflates (IArNMe2)·HOTf and the 4,5-bis(dimethylamino)imidazolium triflates (IAr(NMe2)2)·HOTf is based on the coupling between the corresponding disubstituted formamidine and either an a-chloroacetamide for the mono-amino derivative or a reactive dichlorodiaminoethene for the bis-amino analogue. The electronic properties of the resulting new NHCs ligands have been studied by measurement of their Tolman Electronic Parameter (TEP) values obtained from the IR spectra of the complexes [Rh(IMesXY)Cl(CO)2] and by 77Se NMR spectroscopy of their corresponding selenoureas [(IMesXY)=Se]. It was shown that the electronic donation of the carbenic carbon sequentially increases by decoration with one or two amino groups respectively whereas the p-accepting properties of the NHC are only slightly or even not affected by the adjunction of the NMe2 groups on the imidazolyl backbone. Later, the synthesis of the two new PEPPSI-type palladium pre-catalysts PEPPSI-Pd-IPrNMe2 and Pd-PEPPSI-IPr(NMe2)2 were successfully achieved. From the calculated the percent buried volume %Vbur which is related to the steric properties of the two supporting NHC ligands, it appeared that grafting one amino group onto the backbone already leads to significant improvement of steric congestion while the second amino only results in a slight increase of the steric issue. The catalytic efficiencies of both pre-catalysts were evaluated in the benchmark Buchwald-Hartwig amination and compared with this of the reference PEPPSI-Pd-IPr. The bis-aminated pre-catalyst Pd-PEPPSI-IPr(NMe2)2 was shown to be the most active and stable pre-catalyst, and it was shown to be also highly efficient in more challenging amination reaction. It indeed allows to carry out the amination of aryl chlorides at low catalyst loadings or by using a mild base such as cesium carbonate, and even to activate the aryl tosylates, which are more difficult substrates than aryl chlorides. In order to study the critical stereoelectronic properties of the NHC ligands for the efficiency of the corresponding catalysts, further derivatization of the heterocyclic backbone was carried out, either by increasing the bulkiness of the mono-amino group from dimethylamino to diisopropylamino group to generate the carbene IArNiPr2, or by formally replacing one dimethylamino group by an halogen X in the bis-aminoimidazo-2-ylidene to give the carbenes IArNMe2,X. While the imidazolium salts (IArNiPr2)·HOTf was synthesized following the same method as (IArNMe2)·HOTf, the oxidative halogenation of the backbone of (IArNMe2)·HOTf with a N-halosuccinimide afforded (IArNMe2,X)·HOTf in good yields under very mild conditions. Noteworthy, this original reactivity was also observed on the rhodium and palladium complexes of this ligand.