Family Unity, Family Health
For the estimated 11 million undocumented immigrants living in the United States, the vigorous national debate on immigration reform will determine their future, whether they are allowed to stay, work and become citizens. But the undocumented themselves are not the only ones whose lives will be profoundly affected. Nationwide, an estimated 4.5 million children who are U.S. citizens by birth live in families where one or more of their parents are undocumented. These children will grow up to be our future family members, neighbors and co-workers, and their health and well-being as children today will translate into their health and well-being as adults, ultimately shaping the health of our communities. However, these children and their families live with anxiety about the future, fearful that arrest, detention or deportation will tear their families apart. Anxiety and fear are only part of the damaging impacts of their families' precarious legal status. Children of the undocumented may also suffer from poverty, diminished access to food and health care, mental health and behavioral problems and limited educational opportunities, particularly when a parent is arrested and detained or deported. An extensive body of research shows that these factors are fundamental determinants of child health today, and their adolescent and adult health in the future. Building on this research, this study provides further evidence that a continued policy of detention and deportation comes at the expense of health for children with undocumented parents.