A City Within a City

"This study examines the dialetic of metropolitan spatial stratification during the era of civil rights in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Focusing primarily on the color of space, this dissertation challenges conventional notions of 'de facto' metropolitan development and illustrates how the construction of segregated space in Grand Rapids materialized not as a natural result of housing migration patterns, but instead as a consequence of discriminatory structural forces combined with a firm pattern of white hostility... In short, this dissertation conceptualizes space as a racial category that is actively constructed and reconstructed by individuals within the confines of specific structural mechanisms, which ultimately produced a landscape of inequality."--Abstract, pages viii-ix.