The Law of Estoppel

1. Introduction -- (A) The Legal and Moral Basis of Estoppel -- (B) The Forms of Estoppel and the Doctrine of Election -- (C) The Nature and Characteristics of Estoppel -- (D) General Factors Common to Estoppels -- (E) General Questions of Principle Regarding Estoppel -- (F) Terminology -- (G) The Historical Basis of Estoppel -- (H) The Structure of the Book -- 2. General Questions Relating to Estoppel -- (A) Introduction -- (B) Sword or Shield -- (C) Evidence or Substantive Law -- (D) Public Law -- (E) Estoppel and Jurisdiction -- (F) Estoppel: Conflict with Statutory Provisions and Other Rules of Law -- (G) A Uniform Doctrine -- (H) Waiver -- (I) Estoppel and Third Parties -- 3. Estoppel by Representation -- (A) Introduction -- (B) The Essential Elements of the Estoppel -- (C) The Representation -- (D) The Intention of the Representor -- (E) Injustice or Unconscionability: Its Components of Reliance and Detriment -- (F) The Effect of the Estoppel -- (G) Contractual Estoppel -- 4. Estoppel by Deed -- (A) Introduction -- (B) Deeds -- (C) The First Aspect of Estoppel by Deed: Its Essential Requirements -- (D) The Second Aspect of Estoppel by Deed: Interests in Land Created -- (E) Summary -- 5. Estoppel by Convention -- (A) The Nature and Basis of the Estoppel -- (B) The Development of the Estoppel -- (C) The Main Elements of the Estoppel -- (D) The First Element: Assumed State of Fact or Law -- (E) The Second Element: A Shared Assumption -- (F) The Third Element: Injustice or Unconscionability -- (G) The Effect of the Estoppel -- (H) Summary -- 6. Promissory Estoppel -- (A) The Principle and its Development -- (B) The Essential Elements of the Estoppel -- (C) The Place of Promissory Estoppel in the Law -- (D) Permanent or Suspensory Effect -- (E) A Clear Promise -- (F) Rights under an Existing Transaction -- (G) Injustice or Unconscionability -- (H) Summary -- 7. Proprietary Estoppel -- (A) Introduction -- (B) The Nature and Status of the Principle -- (C) The Essential Elements of the Estoppel -- (D) The First Element: The Assurance -- (E) The Second Element: Reliance -- (F) The Third Element: Detriment -- (G) The Fourth Element: Unconscionability -- (H) Property Other Than Land -- (I) Form of Relief or Remedy -- (J) Summary -- 8. Election -- (A) Introduction -- (B) Equitable Election -- (C) Common Law Election -- (D) Summary -- 9. Estoppel by Record -- (A) Introduction -- (B) Judgments -- (C) Cause of Action Estoppel -- (D) Issue Estoppel -- (E) Parties and Privies -- (F) Particular Areas of Law -- (G) Courts and Tribunals -- (H) Foreign Judgments -- (I) Exceptions -- (J) The Rule in Henderson v Henderson -- (K) Summary.