The Mathematical Principles of Natural Languages

Isaac Newton (1642-1727) published his Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy) in 1687. Three hundred and twenty years later, this book extended Newton's Laws from physical world to spiritual world. To set up the mathematics of minds is the goal of this textbook.Computational Verb Theory(CVT) was invented by Professor Tao Yang in 1997 in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California at Berkeley. In 2002, based on CTV, Professor Yang invented the first measurable linguistics known as Physical Linguistics(PL). PL is the theoretical basis for the coming cognitive industry in the next fifty years when services will be personalized. To make the spiritual facets of cognition measurable, in 2004 Professor Yang set up the Theory of the Unicogse(TOU). The Unicogse is the super being containing the Universe and the Cognition as a pair of dual beings. TOU predicts that natural languages are interfaces between the Universe-Cognition dual. By applying the Universe-Cognition duality, all spiritual facets of minds become measurable in physical world. Furthermore, a measurable paradigm of cognition can be set up for building robots with human minds. TOU and PL point out the way of implementing human-machine co-evolution in many centuries to come.PL is the only theory to bridge the huge gap between natural sciences and social sciences. TOU and PL paved the way of measuring cognitions in social sciences such that all experimental methodologies developed in natural sciences can be easily applied to social sciences. With the help of TOU, in PL the concepts such as meanings and feelings can be defined quantitatively based on the mass of a piece of information and the work done by it upon natural languages. By using similar methods provided in TOU, PL makes natural languages the most complicated and advanced mathematical theories.In the last decade, CVT has been growing up into a multidisciplinary scientific field attracting attentions of researchers from information sciences, linguistics, economics, biology, psychology, physics and computer sciences. CVT is now taught in many Universities and Institutions worldwide. Many commercial products have been developed based on PL for applications such as intelligent transportation systems(ITS), stock trading, visual flame detectors, CCTV surveillance, intelligent controllers, image understanding engines, image search engines and many others. PL is the initiative of the next industrial revolution called cognitive industry in which personalized services will be the next wave following the history of personalizing transportation, computation and communication.Written by the founding father of CVT, PL and TOU, this is a lucid, solid and timely textbook for professionals, scientists, academic researchers and students in information sciences, cognitive sciences, cognitive engineering, robotics, linguistics, fuzzy logic, computer sciences and control engineering.