The Arab Lands Under Ottoman Rule, 1516-1800

Table of Contents Acknowledgements p. x Note on Transliteration and Dates p. xii List of Figures p. xiv List of Maps p. xv Introduction: Rewriting Arab History, 1516-1800 p. 1 Why The Arab Lands under Ottoman Rule? p. 2 Sources for the study of the Ottoman Arab lands p. 5 'Decline' and decentralization p. 7 State and society p. 9 Local notables and localization p. 12 Households p. 13 Households and localization p. 14 Artisans p. 16 Rural populations p. 17 Marginal populations p. 18 Conclusion p. 21 Chapter 1 Land and Peoples p. 23 Regions and nomenclature p. 23 Geographical features p. 25 Peoples p. 27 Religious minorities p. 29 Conclusion p. 34 Chapter 2 The Ottoman Conquest of the Arab Lands p. 35 The rise of the Ottomans p. 35 The Mamluk sultanate (1250-1517) p. 36 The Safavids p. 37 The Portuguese p. 38 Conquest of the Mamluks p. 39 Suleyman I's conquest of Iraq p. 40 Yemen p. 41 North Africa p. 44 Conclusion p. 44 Chapter 3 The Organization of the Ottoman Provincial Administration p. 46 Relations with the conquered population p. 46 Administrative subdivisions p. 48 Land tenure p. 49 The nature of Ottoman rule in Egypt p. 51 Early challenges to Ottoman rule p. 52 Chapter 4 Crisis and Change in the Seventeenth Century p. 59 The 'decline' paradigm p. 59 The crisis of the seventeenth century p. 62 Kuls and Osman II p. 64 Janissary hegemony in the Arab provinces p. 67 Jelali governors and their equivalents p. 69 The loss of Yemen p. 75 The Koprulu reforms p. 76 Chapter 5 Provincial Notables in the Eighteenth Century p. 79 Ayan p. 79 The ayan household p. 81 Georgian mamluks in ayan households p. 98 Women in the household p. 99 African eunuchs and ayan households p. 102 Ayan architecture p. 107 Conclusion p. 112 Chapter 6 Religious and Intellectual Life p. 114 The ulema p. 115 Sufism p. 126 The ulema in social protest p. 131 The ulema as intellectuals p. 132 Conclusion p. 136 Chapter 7 Urban Life and Trade p. 138 Arab provincial cities p. 138 Government regulation of markets p. 147 Long-distance trade p. 154 The Red Sea coffee trade and its cultural effects p. 162 Conclusion p. 167 Chapter 8 Rural Life p. 169 Land tenure p. 169 Village life p. 172 Tribes p. 180 Conclusion p. 186 Chapter 9 Marginal Groups and Minority Populations p. 188 Religious minorities p. 189 Non-elite slavery p. 200 Women p. 202 The poor and disabled p. 209 Conclusion p. 211 Chapter 10 Ideological and Political Changes in the Late Eighteenth Century p. 213 'Neo-Sufism' p. 214 Wahhabism p. 217 The crisis of Selim III's reign (1789-1807) p. 219 Conclusion: Transformations Under Ottoman Rule p. 228 The effects of Ottoman rule p. 228 The Ottoman Arab provinces after 1800 p. 234 The Ottomans and the world p. 237 The question of nationalist historiographies p. 244 Present-day relevance p. 247 Bibliographical Essay p. 249 Ottoman Sultans to 1839 p. 285 Political Chronology p. 286 Glossary p. 295 Index p. 311.