Stability and Wave Transmission Response of Stone- and Dolos-armored, Rubble-mound Breakwater Trunks Subjected to Extreme Wave Heights

The purpose of the investigation was to obtain design information for stone and dolos armor used on breakwaters trunks and subjected to breaking and nonbreaking waves that exceeded the recommended design wave heights. Tests were planned in such a manner that sufficient data could be obtained to define a functional relationship between damage and relative wave height H/HD where H is a selected extreme wave height and HD is the design wave height. Also, transmitted wave heights were measured for all incident wave conditions. Based on test results in which dolos and stone armor were used on breakwater trunks and subjected to nonbreaking waves in a d/L range of 0.10 to 0.25 and breaking waves in a d/L range of 0.04 to 0.14, the direction of wave approach was 90 deg, and the structures were initially designed for no overtopping, it was concluded that: (1)Structures built to a 1V:1.5H slope generally tended to experience higher damage levels than those constructed on a 1V:2H slope, and (2) Transmitted wave heights observed one-half and one wavelength behind the breakwaters were very similar.